George  Washington  Flowers 
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COLONEL  FLOWERS 


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THE 

YOLUNTEER'S  HAND  BOOK: 

CONTAININQ  AN  ABRIDGMENT  OF 

farJru'is  Infuutrg  %uVnh 

ADAPTED  TO  THE   USE   OP  THE 

PERCUSSION  MUSKET  IN  SQUAD  AND  COMPANY  EXERCISES, 
MANUAL  OF  ARMS  EOR  RIFLEMEN. 

AND 

UNITED  STATES  ARMY 

REGULATIONS  AS  TO  PARADES,  REVIEWS,  INSPECTIONS, 
GUARD  MOUNTING,  ETC. 

BY 

JAS.    K.    LEE, 

OF  THE 

FIRST  REGIMENT  OF  VIRGINIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


RICHMOND,    VA: 
WE  ST     &     JOHNSTON, 

No.    145    MAIN    STREET. 
1861. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1860,  by 

WEST    &    JOHNSTON, 

In  tlie  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  for  the 
Eastern  District  of  Virginia. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Instruction 7 

Commands 8 

THE  SQUAD. 

Position  op  the  Soldier 9 

Facings 10 

The  direct  step 11 

Common  time 11 

Quick  time 11 

Double  quick  time 12 

Alignment 13 

To  march  to  the  front 14 

To  march  obliquely 15 

To  march  backwards 15 

To  mark  time 16 

To  change  step 16 

To  march  to  the  right  about 16 

To  side  step 17 

To  march  by  the  flank 17 

To  change  direction  by  file 18 

Wheelings 19 

Turning 22 


1  TABLE   OF    CONTENTS. 

Manual  of  Arms 22 

Rest ;  in  place,  rest ; 28 

Parade  rest 29 

To  stack  arms 31 

Inspection  of  arms 34 

Loading  and  firing 35 

The  direct  fire 41 

The  oblique  fire 42 

To  fire  by  file 43 

To  fire  by  rank 43 


THE  COMPANY. 

Formation  of  the  Company 45 

Posts  of  officers  in  line 46 

To  open  ranks 47 

Manual  of  arms  in  open  ranks 48 

To  close  ranks 48 

Posts  of  officers  in  the  firings 48 

To  fire  by  the  rear  rank 49 

To  advance  in  line  of  battle 50 

To  march  in  retreat 51 

To  march  by  the  flank 53 

To  change  direction  by  file 54 

On  the  right  by  file  into  line 55 

On  the  left  by  file  into  line 56 

In  two  ranks,  undouble  files 56 

In  four  ranks,  double  files 56 

Posts  of  officers  in  column 55 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS.  5 

By  company  into  line 57 

By  platoon  into  line 58 

Marching  in  column  by  platoon,  to  march,  by 

the  flank  in  the  same  direction 59 

To  break  into  column  by  platoon 60 

To  march  in  column 61 

To  change  direction  of  the  column 61 

To  halt  the  column,  and  to  form  into  line  either 

at  a  halt  or  on  the  march 63 

To  break  the  company  into  platoons 65 

To  re-form  the  Company 6Q 

To  break  files  to  the  rear 67 

To  cause  files  broken  off  to  return  into  line 68 

The  column  in  route 69 

Countermarch 71 

The  column  being  in  march,  to  form  on  the 

right  or  left  into  line  of  battle 72 

Formation  of  a  company  from  two  ranks  into 

four,  and  reciprocally  at  a  halt,  and  in  march,  74 

Manual  of  Arms  for  Riflemen 77 

Form  op  Inspection 90 

Dress  Parade 93 

Review 96 

Guard  Mounting 101 

Guards  and  Sentinels 105 

Escorts  of  Honor , 108 

Color  Escort 108 

Funeral  Honobs 110 


INSTRUCTION 


Instruction. 

First  principles  having  tlie  greatest  influence  upon 
individual  instruction,  upon  whicli  that  of  the  company 
and  regiment  depend,  recruits  should  be  watched  with 
the  greatest  care.  Instructors  should  explain,  in  a  few 
clear  and  precise  words,  the  movement  to  be  executed; 
and  not  to  overburden  the  memory  of  the  men,  they 
should  always  use  the  same  words  to  explain  the  same 
principles.  They  should  often  join  example  to  precept, 
should  keep  up  the  attention  of  the  men  by  an  animated 
tone,  and  pass  rapidly  from  one  movement  to  another, 
as  soon  as  that  which  they  command  has  been  executed 
in  a  satisfactory  manner. 

As  the  discipline  and  efficiency  of  a  company  materi- 
ally depend  upon  the  conduct  and  character  of  its  non- 
commissioned officers,  these  should  be  selected  with 
care,  and  properly  instructed  in  all  the  duties  apper- 
taining to  their  rank.  And  as  such  instruction  is  in- 
tended principally  to  qualify  them  for  the  instruction 
of  the  privates,  they  should  be  taught  not  only  to 
execute,  but  to  explain  intelligibly  every  thing  they 
may  be  required  to  teach. 

(7) 


8  COMMANDS. 

Commands. 

Commands  are  of  three  kinds  :  The  command  of 
caution,  which  is  attention;  the  preparatory  command, 
■which  indicates  the  movement  which  is  to  be  executed ; 
and  the  command  of  execution,  such  as  march,  or  halt. 

The  tone  of  command  should  be  animated,  distinct, 
and  of  a  loudness  proportioned  to  the  number  of  men 
under  instruction.  The  command  attention  is  pro- 
nounced at  the  top  of  the  voice,  dwelling  on  the  last 
syllable.  The  command  of  execution  should  be  pro- 
nounced in  a  tone  firm  and  brief.*  Those  preparatory- 
commands,  which  from  their  length  are  difficult  to  be 
pronounced  at  once,  must  be  divided  into  two  or  three 
parts,  with  an  ascending  progression  in  the  tone  of 
command,  but  always  so  that  the  tone  of  execution  may 
be  more  energetic  and  elevated,  f 

*  The  commands  of  caution  and  the  preparatory 
commands  are  herein  distinguished  by  bold  face, 
those  of  execution  by  CAPITALS. 

f  The  divisions  are  herein  indicated  by  a  hyphen. 
The  parts  of  commands  which  are  placed  in  a  paren- 
thesis are  not  pronounced. 


THE    SQUAD. 


PART     I. 

THE  SQUAD. 

The  squad  drill  is  the  very  basis  of  all  proficiency  in 
military  exercise.  In  most  cases,  it  is  impracticable  to 
instruct  volunteers  in  squads  of  less  than  four  or  eight 
men  at  a  time.  Hence  it  is  important  that  the  men 
should  fix  and  keep  their  attention  upon  the  instructor, 
who  ought,  as  far  as  possible,  to  add  example  to  precept 
in  all  of  his  instructions. 

In  the  following  exercises  to  §  67,  the  recruit  is  sup- 
posed to  be  without  arms.  After  he  is  taught  the  use  of 
arms,  the  loadings  and  firings,  he  should  be  well  exer- 
cised with  arms  in  the  whole  of  the  squad-drill,  before 
proceeding  to  the  movements  of  company-drill. 

Position  of  the  Soldier. 

§  1.  Heels  on  the  same  line  and  as  close  together  as 
the  conformation  of  the  man  will  permit,  the  feet  turned 
out  equally  and  forming  with  each  other  something 
less  than  a  right  angle  ;  knees  straight,  without  stiff- 
ness ;  body  erect  on  the  hips,  inclining  a  little  forward  ; 
shoulders  square  and  falling  equally;  arms  hanging  na- 
turally ;  'elbows  near  the  body ;  palms  of  the  hands 
turned  a  little  to  the  front,  the  little  fingers  behind  the 
seam  of  the  pantaloons ;  head  erect  and  square  to  the 
front,  without  constraint ;  chin  a  little  drawn  in ;  eyes 
fixed  straight  to  the  front  and  striking  the  ground  about 
the  distance  of  fifteen  paces. 

1.  Eyes-RIGHT.    2.  FRONT. 

§  2.  At  the  word  right^  turn  the  head  gently  to  the 
right,  so  as  to  bring  tlje  inner  corner  of  the  left  eye  in 
a  line  with  the  centre  of  the  body,  the  eye  fixed  on  the 
line  of  the  eyes  of  the  men  in,  or  supposed  to  be  in, 

(9) 


10  THE   SQUAD. 

the  same  rank.     At  the  word  front,  resume  the    direct 
position. 

The  movement  of  e^es-LEFT  will  he  executed  by  in- 
verse means. 

The  instructor  will  take  care  that  the  movement  of 
the  head  does  not  derange  the  squareness  of  the  shoul- 
ders. 

REST. 

§  3.  At  the  command  rest,  stand  at  ease. 

1.  Attention.    2.  SQUAD. 

§  4.  At  the  first  word,  the  recruit  will  fix  his  atten- 
tion ;  at  the  second,  he  will  resume  the  prescribed  po- 
sition and  steadiness. 

FACINGS. 
1.  Squad.    2.  Right  (or  Left)-PACE. 

§  5.  At  the  second  command,  raise  the  right  foot 
slightly,  turn  to  the  right  (or  left),  on  the  left  heel, 
raising  the  toe  a  little,  and  then  replace  the  right  heel 
by  the  side  of  the  left,  and  on  the  same  line. 

FRONT. 

§  6.  Turn  on  the  left  heel  so  as  to  regain  the  first 
position,  and  replace  the  right  heel  by  the  side  of  the 
left. 

1.  Squad.    2.  ABOUT-FACE. 

§  7.  At  the  word  about,  turn  on  the  left  heel,  bring 
the  left  toe  to  the  front,  carry  the  right  foot  to  the  rear, 
the  hollow  opposite  to  and  full  three  inches  from  the 
left  heel,  the  feet  square  to  each  other.  At  the  word 
face,  turn  on  both  heels,  raise  the  toes  a  little,  extend 
the  thighs  and  face  to  the  rear,  bringing,  at  the  same 
time,  the  right  heel  by  the  side^f  the  left. 

The  men  should  take  care  that  these  motions  do  not 
derange  the  erect  position  of  the  body. 


THE   SQUAD.  U 

The  Direct  Step. 

C  8'  The  direct  step,  or  pace,  in  common  time,  is 
twenty-eiglit  inches,  reckoning  from  heel  to  heel,  and  at 
the  rate  of  ninety  in  a  minute. 

1.  Squad,  forward.  2.  Common  time.  3.  MARCH. 

§  9.  At  the  first  command,  feel  the  weight  of  the 
body  on  the  right  leg,  without  bending  the  left  knee. 
At  the  command  march,  step  off  with  the  left  foot,  carry- 
ing it  straight  forward  twenty-eight  inches  from  the 
right,  the  sole  near  the  ground,  the  ham  extended,  the 
toe  a  little  depressed,  and,  as  also  the  knee,  slightly 
turned  out ;  at  the  same  time,  throw  the  weight  of  the 
body  forward,  and  plant  flat  the  left  foot,  without 
shock,  precisely  at  the  distance  where  it  finds  itself 
from  the  right,  when  the  weight  of  the  body  is  brought 
forward,  the  whole  of  which  will  now  rest  on  the  ad- 
vanced foot.  Next,  in  like  manner,  advance  the  right 
foot  and  plant  it  as  above,  the  heel  twenty-eight  inches 
from  the  heel  of  the  left  foot,  and  thus  continue  to 
march,  without  crossing  the  legs,  or  striking  the  one 
against  the  other,  without  turning  the  shoulders,  and 
preserving  always  the  face  direct  to  the  front. 

1.  Squad.    2.  HALT. 

§  10.  At  the  word  halt,  which  will  be  pronounced  at 
the  instant  when  either  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground, 
the  foot  in  the  rear  will  be  brought  up,  and  planted  by 
the  side  of  the  other,  without  shock. 

The  quick  step. 

§  11.  The  principles  of  the  step  in  quick  time  are  the 
same  as  for  common  time,  but  its  swiftness  is  at  the 
rate  of  one  hundred  and  ten  steps  per  minute.  As  soon 
as  the  recruit  has  acquired  steadiness,  has  become  es- 
tablished in  the  manual  of  arms,  and  in  the  mechanism, 


12  THE   SQUAD. 

length,  and  swiftness  of  tlie  step  in  common  time,  lie 
will  be  practiced  only  in  quick  time,  the  double  quick, 
and  the  run.  The  instructor,  wishing  the  squad  to 
march  in  quick  time,  will  command, 

1.  Squad,  forward.    2.  MARCH. 

§  12.  At  the  command  march,  the  squad  will  step  off 
and  continue  to  march  in  quick  time.* 

The  Double  quick  step. 

§  13.  The  length  of  the  double  quick  step  is  thirty- 
three  inches,  and  its  swiftness  at  the  rate  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-five  steps  per  minute. 

1.  Double  quick  step.    2.  MARCH. 

§  14.  At  the  first  command,  raise  the  hands  to  a  level 
with  the  hips,  the  hands  closed,  the  nails  toward  the 
body,  the  elbows  to  the  rear. 

§  15.  At  the  second  command,  raise  to  the  front  the 
left  leg  bent  to  its  greatest  elevation,  that  part  between 
the  knee  and  the  instep  vertical,  the  toe  depressed ; 
replace  the  foot  in  its  former  position ;  execute  with  the 
right  leg  what  has  just  been  prescribed  for  the  left,  and 
continue  the  alternate  movement  of  the  legs  until  the 
command: 

1.  Squad.    2.  HALT. 

§  16.  At  the  command  halt,  bring  the  foot  which  is 
raised  by  the  side  of  the  other,  drop  the  hands  and  re- 
sume the  position  of  the  soldier. 

1.  Squad,  forward.  2.  Double  quick.  3.  MARCH. 

§  17.  At  the  first  command,  throw  the  weight  of  the 
body  on  the  right  leg.  At  the  second,  place  the  arms 
as  indicated  in  §  14.  At  the  third,  carry  forward  the 
left  foot,  the  leg  slightly  bent,  the  knee  raised,  plant  the 

"*When  the  time  is  not  indicated  in  the  preparatory 
command,  the  squad  will  always  step  off  in  quick  time. 


THE   SQUAD.  13 

left  foot,  the  toe  first,  thirty-three  inches  from  the  right, 
and  with  the  right  foot  execute  what  has  just  been 
prescribed  for  the  left.  The  weight  of  the  body  should 
be  thrown  upon  the  foot  that  is  planted,  and  the  men 
should  breathe  as  much  as  possible  through  the  nose, 
keeping  the  mouth  closed. 

The  Run. 

§  18.  The  principles  of  the  run  are  the  same  as  for 
the  double  quick  step,  the  only  difference  consisting  in 
a  greater  degree  of  swiftness.* 

Alignment. 

§  19.  Six  or  eight  men  should  be  united  in  one  rank, 
elbow  to  elbow,  and  numbered  from  right  to  left  in  order 
to  be  taught  the  principles  of  alignment,  or  dressing  on 
a  line.  The  instructor  will  at  first  teach  them  to  align 
themselves  man  by  man  ;  to  this  end  he  will  command 
the  two  men  on  the  right  flank  to  march  two  paces  to 
the  front,  and  having  aligned  them,  he  will  caution  the 
remainder  of  the  squad  to  move  up  as  they  may  be 
successively  called,  each  by  his  number,  and  align 
themselves  successively  on  the  line  of  the  first  two  men. 

§  20.  Each  man,  as  designated  by  his  number,  will 
turn  the  head  and  eyes  to  the  right,  as  prescribed  in 
§  2,  and  will  march  in  quick  time  two  paces  forward, 
shortening  the  last  so  as  to  find  himself  about  six 
inches  behind  the  new  alignment,  which  he  ought  never 
to  pass  ;  he  will  next  move  up  steadily  by  steps  of  two 
or  three  inches,  the  thighs  extended,  to  the  side  of  the 
man  next  to  him  on  the  alignment,  so  that,  without  de- 

*  To  obtain  with  accuracy  the  cadence  of  the  different 
steps;  the  pendulum  or  metronome  must  be  employed. 

In  our  latitude,  the  pendulum,  to  vibrate  common  time, 
should  be  17.37  inches  in  length  ;  to  vibrate  quick  time, 
11.63  inches  in  length  ;  and  to  vibrate  double  quick  time, 
5.17  inches  in  length. 


14  THE   SQUAD. 

ranging  the  head,  the  line  of  the  eyes,  or  that  of  the 
snoulders,  he  may  find  himself  in  the  exact  line  of  his 
neighbor,  whose  elbow  he  will  lightly  touch  without 
opening  his  own. 

The  instructor  seeing  the  rank  well  aligned,  will 
command : 

mONT. 

§  21.  At  this  the  men  will  turn  their  eyes  to  the 
front  and  remain  firm. 

§  22.  Alignments  to  tjie  left  will  be  executed  on  the 
same  principles. 

When  the  men  shall  have  thus  learned  to  align  them- 
selves man  by  man  correctly,  the  instructor  will  cause 
the  entire  rank  to  align  itself  at  once  by  the  command : 

Right  (or  left)-DRESS. 

§  23.  At  this,  the  rank,  except  the  two  men  placed 
as  a  basis  of  alignment,  will  move  up  in  quick  time,  and 
place  themselves  on  the  new  line  as  prescribed  in  §  20. 

The  instructor  seeing  the  rank  aligned  will  command  : 

FRONT. 

§  24.  Alignments  to  the  rear  will  be  executed  on  the 
same  principles,  the  men  stepping  back  a  little  beyond 
the  line  and  then  dressing  up  by  steps  of  two  or  three 
inches  as  prescribed  in  §  20,  the  instructor  commanding  ; 

Right  (or  left)  backward-DRESS. 
To  march  to  the  front. 

§  25.  The  rank  being  aligned,  when  the  instructor 
shall  wish  to  cause  it  to  march  by  the  front,  he  will 
place  a  well-instructed  man  on  the  right  or  left,  accord- 
ing to  the  side  on  which  he  may  wish  the  guide  to  be, 
and  command  : 

1  Squad,  forward.    2,  Guide  right  (or  left).  3. 
MARCH. 

§  26.     At  the  command  march,  the  rank  will  step  oft 


THE  SQUAD.  Ic 

promptly  with  tlie  left  foot ;  the  guide  shonld  take  care 
to  inarch  straight  to  the  front ;  the  men  should  touch 
lightly  the  elbow  toward  the  side  of  the  guide,  be  care- 
ful not  to  open  out  the  left  elbow  nor  the  right  arm, 
yield  to  pressure  coming  from  the  side  of  the  guide, 
and  resist  that  coming  from  the  opposite  side,  keep  the 
head  direct  to  the  front,  no  matter  on  which  side  the 
guide  may  be,  and  if  found  before  or  behind  the  align- 
ment, shorten  or  lengthen  the  step  by  degrees,  almost 
insensible,  until  the  fault  is  corrected. 

To  march  obliquely. 

The  squad  being  in  march,  the  instructor  desiring 
them  to  march  obliquely,  will  command : 

1.  Right  (or  left)  obUque.    2.  MARCH. 

§  27.  At  the  second  command,  each  man  will  make  a 
half  face  to  the  right  (or  left),  and  will  then  march 
straight  forward  in  the  new  direction.  As  the  men  no 
longer  touch  elbows,  they  will  glance  along  the  shoul- 
ders of  the  nearest  files  toward  the  side  to  which  they 
are  obliquing,  and  will  regulate  their  steps  so  that  the 
shoulders  shall  always  be  behind  that  of  their  next 
neighbor  on  that  side,  and  that  his  head  shall  conceal 
the  heads  of  the  other  men  in  the  rank.  The  men 
should  preserve  the  same  length  of  pace  and  the  same 
degree  of  obliquity. 

The  instructor  wishing  to  resume  the  primitive  direc- 
tion, will  command : 

1.  Forward.    1.  MARCH. 

§  28.  At  the  second  command,  each  man  will  make  a 
half  face  to  the  left  (or  right),  and  all  will  then  march 
straight  to  the  front  as  in  the  direct  march. 

The  squad  being  at  a  halt,  if  the  instructor  should 
tyish  to  march  it  in  the  back  step,  he  will  command : 

1.  Squad,  backward.    2.  Guide  right  (or  left). 
3.  MARCH. 


16  THE   SQUAD. 

§  29.  At  the  command  march,  step  oflf  smartly  with 
the  left  foot  fourteen  inches  to  the  rear,  and  so  on  with 
the  feet  in  succession,  the  head  direct  to  the  front, 
touching  the  elbow  toward  the  guide  and  yielding  to 
pressure  from  that  side,  until  the  command  halt.  At 
this  command  hring  the  foot  in  front  by  the  side  of  the 
other. 

To  mark  time. 

The  squad  marching  in  the  direct  step  in  common  or 
quick  time,  the  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Mark  time.    2.  MARCH. 

§  30.  At  the  second  command,  which  will.be  given  at 
the  instant  either  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,  make  a 
semblance  of  marching,  by  advancing  first  one  foot,  and 
then  the  other,  always  bringing  back  the  advanced  foot 
and  placing  its  heel  by  the  side  of  the  heel  of  the  other. 

1.  Change  step.    2.  MARCH. 

§  31.  At  the  second  command,  given  at  the  instant 
either  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,  bring  up  quickly 
the  foot  in  the  rear  to  the  side  of  that  just  come  to  the 
ground,  and  step  off  with  the  latter. 

1.  Squad,  right  about.    2.  MARCH. 

§  32.  At  the  command  march,  which  will  be  given  at 
the  instant  the  left  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,  bring 
this  foot  to  the  ground,  and  turning  on  it  face  to  the 
rear,  then  place  the  right  foot  in  the  new  direction,  and 
step  off  with  the  left  foot. 

If  the  squad  be  marching  and  the  instructor  should 
wish  to  bring  it  to  a  halt  and  faced  to  the  rear,  he  will 
command : 

1.  Squad,  right  about    2.  HALT. 

§  33.  At  the  command  halt,  which  will  be  given  as 
the  left  foot  is  coming  to  the  ground,  bring  this  foot  to 
the  ground  and  turning  on  it  face  to  the  rear,  then 
bring  the  right  foot  to  the  side  of  the  left. 


THE   SQUAD.  17 

The  squad  being  at  a  halt,  the  instructor  wishing  to 
move  it  to  the  right  on  the  same  line,  will  command : 

1.  Side  step  to  the  right.  2.  MARCH. 
§  34.  At  the  second  command,  each  man  will  glance 
his  eyes  to  the  right,  and  at  the  same  time  carry  his 
right  foot  about  ten  inches  to  the  right,  and  instantly 
bring  up  his  left  foot,  and  so  on,  the  whole  with  perfect 
precision  of  time,  shoulders  square  to  the  front,  and 
each  man  perceptibly  halting,  when  he  has  closed  on 
the  fixed  point,  or  on  the  man  next  to  him.  Thus  con- 
tinues until  the  command : 

1.  Squad.    2.  HALT. 

§  35.  At  the  second  command,  bring  up  the  left  foot 
to  the  side  of  the  right,  and  stand  firm. 

§  36.  Change  of  position  by  side  step  to  the  left  will  be 
executed  on  the  same  principles  by  inverse  means. 

To  march  by  the  flank. 

§  37.  The  rank  being  at  a  halt  and  correctly  aligned, 
the  instructor  will  command  : 

Count  Twos. 

§  38.  At  this  command  the  men  count  from  right  to 
left,  pronouncing  in  a  loud  and  distinct  voice,  in  the 
same  tone,  without  hurry,  and  without  turning  the 
head,  one,  tiuo,  according  to  the  place  which  each  occu- 
pies.    The  instructor  will  then  command  : 

1.  Squad,  right-FACE.  2.  Forward.  3.  MARCH. 

§  39.  At  the  command  face,  the  squad  will  face  to 
the  right  ;  the  even  numbered  men,  after  facing  to  the 
right,  will  step  quickly  to  the  right  side  of  the  odd 
numbered  men,  the  latter  standing  fast,  so  that  when 
the  movement  is  executed,  the  men  will  be  formed  into 
files  of  two  men  abreast. 

§  40.    At  the  command,  march,  the  squad  will  step  off 

2 


18  THE   SQUAD. 

smartly  with  the  left  foot ;   the  files  keeping  aligned 
and  preserving  their  intervals. 

§  41.  To  march  by  the  left  flank  will  be  executed  by 
the  same  command,  substituting  the  word  lejl  for  right^ 
and  by  inverse  means  ;  in  this  case  the  even  numbered 
men,  after  facing  to  the  left,  will  stand  fast,  and  the 
odd  numbered  will  place  themselves  on  their  left. 

1.  Squad.    2.  HALT.    3.  FRONT. 

§  42.  At  the  second  command,  the  squad  will  halt, 
and  afterwards  no  man  will  stir,  although  he  may  have 
lost  his  distance. 

§  43.  At  the  third  command,  each  man  will  front  by 
facing  to  the  left,  if  marching  by  the  right  flank,  and 
by  a  face  to  the  right,  if  marching  by  the  left  flank. 
The  rear  rank  men  will  at  the  same  time  move  quickly 
into  their  places,  so  as  to  form  the  squad  again  into  one 
rank. 

To  change  direction  by  file,  the  instructor  will  com- 
mand : 

1.  By  file  left  (or  right).    2.  MARCH. 

§  44.  At  the  command  march,  the  first  file  will 
change  direction  to  the  left  (or  right)  in  describing  a 
small  arc  of  a  circle,  and  will  then  march  straight  for- 
ward :  the  two  men  of  this  file  in  wheeling  will  keep  up 
the  touch  of  the  elbows,  and  the  man  on  the  side  to 
which  the  wheel  is  made,  will  shorten  the  first  three  or 
four  steps.  Each  file  will  come  successively  to  wheel 
on  the  same  spot  where  that  which  preceded  it  wheeled. 

To  face  by  the  right  or  left  flank  in  marching,  the 
command  is, 

1.  Squad  by  the  right  (or  left)  flank.  2.  MARCH. 

§  45.  At  the  command  march,  which  will  be  given  as 
either  foot  is  coming  to  the  gronnd,  the  men  will  turn 
the  body,  plant  the  foot  that  is  raised  in  the  new  direc- 
tion, and  step  off"  with  the  other  foot  without  altering 


THE   SQUAD.  19 

the  cadence  of  the  step ;  the  men  will  double  or  nn- 
double  rapidly. 

§  46.  If  in  facing  by  the  right  or  left  flank,  the  squad 
should  face  to  the  rear,  the  men  will  come  into  one 
rank  agreeably  to  the  principles  above  indicated  in  §  43. 
Observe,  that  the  men  who  are  in  rear,  always  move  up 
to  form  into  single  rank,  and  in  such  manner  as  never 
to  invert  the  order  of  the  numbers  in  the  rank. 

§  47.  If  when  the  squad  has  been  faced  to  the  rear, 
the  instructor  should  cause  it  to  face  by  the  left  flank, 
it  is  the  even  numbers  who  will  double  by  moving  to 
the  left  of  the  odd  numbers  ;  but  if  by  the  right  flank, 
it  is  the  odd  numbers  who  will  double  to  the  right  of 
the  even  numbers. 

§  48.  Whenever  the  instructor  desires  the  men  to 
march  in  one  rank,  he  will  caution  them  not  to  double 
files. 

WHEELINGS. 

§  49.  Wheelings  are  of  two  kinds  ;'from  halts  or  on 
fixed  pivots,  and  in  march  or  on  moveable  pivots. 

§  50.  Wheeling  on  a  fixed  pivot,  takes  place  in  pass- 
ing a  corps  from  the  order  in  battle  to  the  order  in 
column,  or  from  the  latter  to  the  former. 

§  51.  Wheels  in  marching  take  place  in  changes  of 
direction  in  column,  as  often  as  this  movement  is  ex- 
ecuted to  the  side  opposite  to  the  guide. 

§  52.  In  wheels  from  a  halt  the  pivot  man  only  turns 
in  his  place,  without  advancing  or  receding. 

§  53.  In  the  wheels  in  marching,  the  pivot  man  takes 
steps  of  full  nine  inches,  to  clear  the  wheeling  point  be- 
fore the  next  subdivision  arrives  on  the  same  ground, 
which  is  necessary  in  order  that  the  succeeding  subdi- 
visions may  not  lose  their  distances  by  being  delayed. 

§  54.  In  both  cases,  the  man  on  the  wheeling  flank 
will  always  take  the  full  pace  of  twenty-eight  inches. 


20  THE    SQUAD. 

Wheeling  from  a  halt,  or  on  a  fixed  pivot. 

The  rank  being  at  a  lialt,  the  instructor  will  place  a 
•well-instructed  man  on  the  wheeling  flank  to  conduct 
it;  and  then  command : 

1.  By  Squad,  right  wheel.    2.  MARCH. 

§  55.  At  the  command  inarch,  the  rank  will  step  off 
with  the  left  foot,  turning  at  the  same  time  the  head  a 
little  to  the  left,  the  eyes  fixed  on  the  line  of  the  eyes 
of  the  men  to  the  left  ;  the  pivot  man  will  merely  mark 
time  in  gradually  turning  his  body,  in  order  to  conform 
himself  to  the  movement  of  the  marching  flank;  the 
man  who  conducts  this  flank,  will  take  steps  of  twenty- 
eight  inches,  and  from  the  first  step  advance  a  little  the 
left  shoulder,  cast  his  eyes  from  time  to  time  along  the 
rank,  and  feel  constantly  the  elbow  of  the  next  man 
lightly,  but  never  push  him. 

§  56.  The  other  men  will  feel  lightly  the  elbows  of  the 
next  man  toward  the  pivot,  resist  pressure  coming  from 
the  opposite  side,  and  each  will  conform  himself  to  the 
marching  flank — shortening  his  step  according  to  Ms 
approximation  to  the  pivot. 

The  instructor  will  make  the  rank  wheel  round  the 
circle  once  or  twice  before  halting,  in  order  to  cause  the 
principles  to  be  better  understood,  and  he  will  be  watch- 
ful that  the  centre  does  not  break. 

§  57.  The  wheel  to  the  left  will  be  executed  accord- 
ing to  the  same  principles.  To  arrest  the  wheel,  the 
instructor  will  command : 

1.  Squad.    2.  HALT. 

§  58.  At  the  second  command,  the  rank  will  halt  and 
no  man  stir.  The  instructor  going  to  the  flank  opposite 
to  the  pivot,  will  place  the  two  outer  men  of  that  flank 
in  the  direction  he  may  wish  to  give  the  rank,  taking 
care  to  leave  between  them  and  the  pivot  only  the  space 


THE  SQUAD.  21 

necessary  to  contain  the  other  men.     He  will  then  com- 
mand : 

Left  (or  right)  DRESS. 

§  59.  At  this  the  rank  will  place  itself  on  the  align- 
ment of  the  two  men  established  as  the  basis  in  con- 
formity with  the  principles  prescribed  in  §  20. 

§  60.  The  instructor  will  next  command  Front,  which 
will  .be  executed  as  prescribed  in  §  21. 

Wheeling  in  marching,  or  on  a  moveable  pivot. 

The  rank  being  in  march,  the  instructor  will  com- 
mand: 

1.  Right  (or  left)  wheel.    2.  MARCH. 

§  61.  The  first  command  will  be  given  when  the  rank 
is  yet  four  paces  from  the  wheeling  point. 

§  62.  At  the  second  command,  the  wheel  will  be  exe- 
cuted in  the  same  manner  as  from  a  halt,  except  that 
the  touch  of  the  elbow  will  remain  toward  the  marching 
flank  (or  side  of  the  guide)  instead  of  the  side  of  the 
actual  pivot  ;  that  the  pivot  man,  instead  of  merely 
turning  in  his  place,  will  conform  himself  to  the  move- 
ment of  the  marching  flank,  feel  lightly  the  elbow  of 
the  next  man,  take  steps  of  full  nine  inches,  and  thus 
gain  ground  forward  in  describing  an  arc  of  a  small 
circle,  to  clear  the  point  of  the  wheel.  The  middle  of 
the  rank  will  bend  slightly  to  the  rear.  As  soon  as  the 
movement  shall  commence,  the  man  who  conducts  the 
marching  flank  will  cast  his  eyes  on  the  ground  over 
which  he  will  have  to  pass. 

The  wheel  being  ended,  the  instructor  will  command ; 
1.  Forward.    2.  MARCH. 

§  63.  The  first  command  will  be  pronounced  when 
four  paces  are  yet  required  to  complete  the  change  of 
direction. 

§  64.  At  the  command  march,  which  will  be  given  at 
the  instant  of  completing  the  wheel,  the  man  who  con- 


22  THE    SQUAD. 

ducts  the  marcliing  flank  (or  guide)  will  direct  himself 
straight  forward ;  the  pivot  man  and  all  the  rank  will 
retake  the  step  of  twenty-eight  inches,  and  bring  the 
head  direct  to  the  front. 

TURNING 

To  change  direction  to  the  side  of  the  guide  in  march- 
ing, the  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Left  (or  right)  turn.    2.  MARCH. 

§  "65.  The  first  command  will  be  given  when  the  rank 
is  yet  four  paces  from  the  turning  point. 

§  QQ.  At  the  command  march,  to  be  pronounced  at  the 
instant  the  rank  ought  to  turn,  the  guide  will  face  to 
the  left  (or  right)  in  marching,  and  move  forward  in  the 
new  direction  without  slackening  or  quickening  the 
cadence  (rate  of  march),  and  without  shortening  or 
lengthening  the  step.  The  whole  rank  will  promptly 
conform  itself  to  the  new  direction ;  to  effect  which, 
each  man  will  advance  the  shoulder  opposite  to  the 
guide,  take  the  double  quick  step,  to  carry  himself  in 
the  new  direction,  turn  the  head  and  eyes  to  the  side 
of  the  guide,  and  retake  the  touch  of  the  elbow  on  that 
side  in  placing  himself  on  the  alignment  of  the  guide, 
from  whom  he  will  take  the  step,  and  then  resume  the 
direct  position  of  the  head.  Each  man  will  thus  arrive 
successively  on  the  alignment. 

MANUAL  OF  ARMS. 

§  67.  The  manual  of  arms  should  be  taught  to  two 
men  placed  at  first  side  by  side  in  one  rank,  elbow  to 
elbow,  and  next  in  a  single  file,  that  is,  one  behind  the 
other.  Each  command  is  executed  in  one  time  (or 
pause),  and  is  divided  into  motions.  The  rate  Cor  swift- 
ness) of  each  motion,  except  the  motions  relative  to  the 
cartridge,  to  the  rammer,  and  to  the  fixing  and  unfixing 
of  the  bayonet,  is  fixed  at  the  ninetieth  part  of  a  minute  ; 
but  the  motions  here  excepted  should  be  executed  with 


THE   SQUAD.  23 

promptaess  and  regularity.  As  soon  as  the  men  shall 
well  comprehend  the  positions  of  the  several  motions, 
they  will  be  taught  to  execute  the  time  without  resting 
on  the  motions. 

Position  of  Shoulder  Arms. 

§  68.  The  piece  in  the  left  hand,  the  arm  but  a  very 
little  bent,  the  elbow  back,  near  the  body,  the  palm  of 
the  hand  pressing  on  the  outer  flat  of  the  butt ;  the 
outer  edge  of  the  butt  on  the  upper  joints  of  the  fingers, 
(the  inner  edge  on  the  lower  joints,  and  the  ends  in- 
side,) the  heel  of  the  butt  between  the  fore  and  middle 
fingers,  the  thumb  on  the  front  screws  of  the  butt-plate 
the  remaining  fingers  under  the  butt,  the  butt  more  or 
less  kept  back,  according  to  the  conformation  of  the 
man,  so  that  the  piece  seen  from  the  front  (or  side) 
shall  appear  perpendicular,  and  also  that  the  movement 
of  the  thigh,  in  marching,  may  not  raise  it,  or  cause  it 
to  waver  ;  the  stock  below  the  tail  band,  resting  against 
the  hollow  of  the  shoulder,  just  within  the  joint,  the 
right  arm  hanging  naturally  as  in  the  position  of  the 
soldier. 

Present- ARMS.     (  Two  motions. ) 

§  69.  First.  Turn  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  the 
lock  out,  and  seize  the  small  at  the  same  time  with  the 
right  hand,  the  piece  perpendicular  and  detached  from 
the  shoulder,  the  left  hand  remaining  under  the  butt. 

§  70.  Second.  Complete  the  turning  inwards  of  the 
piece  so  as  to  bring  it  erect  before  the  centre  of  the 
body,  the  rammer  to  the  front,  the  right  hand  under 
and  against  the  guard;  seize  it  smartly  at  the  same 
time  with  the  left  hand  above  the  lock,  the  thumb  ex- 
tended along  the  barrel  and  on  the  stock,  the  fore-arm 
resting  on  the  body  without  constraint,  and  the  hand  at 
the  height  of  the  elbow. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     (Two  motions.) 

§  71.     First.     Turn  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  the 


24  THE   SQUAD. 

barrel  out ;  Cwith  the  thumb  ou  the  S  plate,  and  the 
forefinger  against  the  cock,)  raise  and  support  it  against 
the  left  shoulder  with  the  right  hand,  drop  the  left  hand 
under  the  butt,  the  right  hand  resting  on,  without 
grasping  the  small. 

§  72.  Second.  Drop  quickly  the  right  hand  into  its 
position. 

Order- AKMS.     (Two  motions.) 

§  73.  First.  Drop  the  piece  smartly  by  extending  the 
left  arm,  seize  it  at  the  same  time  with  the  right  hand 
above  and  near  the  tail  band  ;  (without  the  least  pause,) 
quit  the  hold  of  the  left  hand,  and  carry  the  piece  oppo- 
site to  the  right  shoulder,  the  rammer  in  front,  the 
little  finger  behind  the  barrel,  the  right  hand  supported 
against  the  hip,  the  butt  three  inches  from  the  ground, 
the  piece  erect,  the  left  hand  hanging  by  the  side. 

§  74.  Second.  Let  the  piece  slip  through  the  right 
hand  to  the  ground  without  shock,  and  take  the  follow- 
ing position  : 

Position  of  Order-Arms. 

§  75.  The  hand  low,  the  barrel  between  the  thumb 
and  forefinger  extended  along  the  stock ;  the  other 
fingers  extended  and  joined;  the  muzzle  about  two 
inches  from  the  right  shoulder ;  the  rammer  in  front ; 
the  toe  (or  beak)  of  the  butt,  against,  and  in  a  line 
with,  the  toe  of  the  right  foot,  the  barrel  perpendicular. 
Shoulder- ARMS.     (  Two  motions. ) 

§  76.  First.  Raise  smartly  the  piece  with  the  right 
hand,  carry  it  against  the  left  shoulder,  so  as  to  bring 
the  barrel  to  the  front ;  place  at  the  same  time  the  left 
hand  under  the  butt,  and  slip  the  right  hand  down  to 
the  hammer. 

§  77.  Second.  Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into 
its  position. 

Support- ARMS.     (Three  motions.) 
§  78.  First.  With  the  right  hand  seize  the  small  of  the 


THE    SQUAD.  25 

stock  four  inches  below  the  lock,  raising  a  little,  hut 
not  turning  the  piece. 

§  79.  Second.  Take  the  left  hand  from  the  hutt,  ex- 
tend the  left  forearm  upward  across  the  body,  under 
the  cock,  the  hand  flat  on  the  right  breast. 

§  80.  Third.  Drop  the  right  hand  smartly  into  its 
position. 

Carry- ARMS.     {Three  motions.) 
§  81.   First.  Carry  quickly  the  right  hand  to  the  small. 
§  82.  Second.  Place  quickly  the  left  hand  upon  the 

butt. 

§  83.   Third.  Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into  its 

position,  and  drop  with  the  left,  at  the  same  time,  the 

piece  into  the  position  of  shoulder  arms. 

Unfix-B AYONET.     (  Three  motions. ) 

§  84.  First.  Drop  the  piece  by  a  smart  extension  of 
the  left  arm,  seize  it  with  the  right  hand  above  and 
near  the  tail  band. 

§  85.  Second.  Drop  the  piece  with  the  right  hand 
along  the  left  thigh,  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  above 
the  right,  lengthen  out  the  left  arm,  rest  the  butt  on 
the  ground  without  shock,  and  carry  at  the  same  time 
the  right  hand  to  the  bayonet ;  with  the  thumb,  turn 
the  clasp  against  the  stop,*  seize  the  bayonet  at  the 
socket  and  shank,  so  that  the  lower  end  of  the  socket 
may  be  about  an  inch  below  the  heel  of  the  palm,  and 
that  in  resting  off  the  bayonet,  the  thumb  may  be  ex- 
tended on  the  blade. 

§  86.  Third.  Wrest  oflf  the  bayonet,  return  it  to  the 
scabbard,  place  immediately  the  right  little  finger  on 
the  butt  of  the  rammer,  lower  the  left  hand  along  the 
barrel,  extending  the  arm,  without  depressing  the 
shouldei. 

*  If  the  bayonets  have  no  clasps,  of  course  omit  this. 


26  THE   SQUAD. 

Shouldor-ARMS.     {Three  motions.) 

§  87.  First.  Raise  tlie  piece  with  the  left  hand  along 
the  left  side,  the  hand  at  the  height  of  the  chin,  the 
forearm  touching  the  piece,  the  barrel  to  the  front ; 
drop  at  the  same  time  the  right  hand  to  seize  the  piece 
a  little  above  the  small,  the  forefinger  touching  the 
cock,  and  the  thumb  on  the  S  plate. 

§  88.  Second.  Raise  the  piece  with  the  right  hand 
drop  the  left  and  place  it  under  the  butt,  support  the 
piece  with  the  right  hand  against  the  shoulder,  in  the 
position  of  shoulder  arms,  the  right  hand  resting  on  with- 
out grasping  the  piece. 

§  89.  Third.  Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into  its 
position. 

Secure- ARMS.     ( Two  motions.) 

§  90.  First.  Seize  quickly  the  piece  with  the  right 
hand,  the  thumb  on  the  S  plate,  and  the  forefinger 
against  the  cock ;  at  the  same  instant  detach  the  piece 
from  the  shoulder,  the  barrel  to  the  front,  seize  it  at 
the  tail  band  with  the  left  hand,  the  thumb  extended 
on  the  rammer,  the  piece  erect,  opposite  the  shoulder, 
the  left  elbow  on  the  piece. 

I  91.  Second.  Reverse  the  piece,  pass  it  under  the 
left  arm,  the  left  hand  remaining  at  the  tail  band,  the 
thumb  on  the  rammer,  the  little  finger  resting  against 
the  hip,  and  the  right  hand  falling,  at  the  same  time, 
into  its  position. 

Shoulder- ARMS.  (Tioo  motions.) 
§  92.  First.  Raise  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  (but 
not  too  suddenly,  lest  the  rammer  should  fly  out,)  seize 
the  small  with  the  right  hand  to  support  it  against  the 
shoulder,  quit  the  hold  of  the  left  hand,  and  place 
quickly  this  hand  under  the  butt. 

^  93.  Second.  Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into  its 
position  ;  drop  at  the  same  time  the  piece  into  the  posi- 
tion of  shoulder  arms. 


THE  SQUAD.  27 

Pix-BAYONET.     (  Three  motions.) 

§  94.  Ifirst.  As  in  unfix  bayonet,   §  84. 

§  95.  Second.  As  in  unfix  bayonet,  §  85,  except  that 
the  right  hand  will  go  to  the  scahbard,  to  seize  the 
bayonet  bj  the  socket  and  shank,  so  that  the  lower 
(now  upper)  end  of  the  socket  shall  extend  about  an 
inch  above  the  heel  of  the  palm. 

§  96.  Third.  Draw  the  bayonet  from  the  scabbard, 
carry  and  fix  it  on  the  muzzle,  turning  the  clasp  towards 
the  body  with  the  right  thumb  ;  place  immediately  the 
little  finger  on  the  head  of  the  rammer,  lower  the  left 
hand  along  the  barrel,  extending  the  arm  without  de- 
pressing the  shoulder. 

Shoulder- ARMS.      {Three   motions.) 
§  97.  First,   Second,   and   Third,   as  in    Shoulder  arms^ 
from   Uifix  bayonet. 

Charge-BAYONET.  {Two  motions.) 
§  98.  First.  Make  a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left 
heel,  bring  the  left  toe  to  the  front,  place  at  the  same 
time  the  right  foot  behind  and  at  right  angles  with  the 
left,  the  hollow  of  the  right  foot  opposite  to,  and  about 
three  inches  from  the  left  heel  ;  turn  the  piece  with  the 
left  hand,  the  lock  outwards,  and  seize  the  handle  at 
the  same  time  with  the  right  hand,  the  piece  perpen- 
dicular and  detached  from  the  shoulder ;  (leave  the 
left  hand  under  the  butt.) 

§  99.  Second.  Bring  down  the  piece  with  the  right 
hand  into  the  left,  the  latter  seizing  it  a  little  in  advance 
of  the  tail  band,  the  barrel  up,  the  left  elbow  near  the 
body,  the  right  hand  supported  against  the  hip,  the 
point  of  the  bayonet  at  the  height  of  the  eye.  (The 
men  of  the  rear  rank  will  take  care. not  to  touch  their 
file-leaders  with  the  points  of  their  bayonets.) 

Shoulder- ARMS.      {Two   motions.) 
§  100.  First.  Face  to  the  front  by  turning  on  the  left 


28  THE    SQUAD. 

heel,  bring  up  the  right  hy  the  side  of  the  left  heel ;  at 
the  same  time  spring  up  the  piece  with  the  right  hand 
to  the  left  shoulder,  and  place  the  left  hand  under  the 
butt. 

§  101.  Second.  Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into 
its  position. 

Trail- ARMS.     (Tivo  motio7is.) 

§  102.   First.  As  the  first  motions  of  Oi'der  arms,  §  73. 

§  103.  Second.  Incline  a  little  the  muzzle  to  the  front, 
the  butt  to  the  rear,  and  about  three  inches  from  the 
ground,  the  right  hand  (the  little  finger  having  been 
slipped  to  the  front),  grasping  the  piece  and  supported 
at  the  hip."^ 

Shoulder-ARMS. 

§  104.  At  the  command  shoulder,  raise  the  piece  per- 
pendicularly in  the  right  hand ;  at  the  command  ar7ns, 
execute  the  two  motions  in  shoidder  arms  from  the  posi- 
tion of  order  arms. 

If  the  instructor  wish  to  give  repose  in  the  position  of 
order  arms,  he  will  command  : 

REST. 

§  105.  At  this  command,  the  men  will  no  longer  be 
required  to  preserve  silence  or  to  remain  steady  in 
position. 

Or  he  will  command  : 

1.  In  place.    2.  REST. 

§  106.  At  the  second  command,  the  men  will  not  be 

*  If  the  instructor  wish  to  relieve  the  men  when 
marching  with  arms  trailed,  he  will  command :  Change- 
Hands  ;  which  will  be  executed  in  one  motion,  by  rais- 
ing the  muzzle  to  the  shoulder  passing  the  piece  across 
the  front  of  the  body,  trailing  it  with  the  left,  and 
dropping  the  right  hand  by  the  side.  At  the  command, 
J^e-cAan^e-IlANDS,  raise  the  muzzle  to  the  shoulder, 
pass  the  piece  to  the  right  hand  and  retake  the  position 
of  trail  arms. 


THE    SQUAD.  29 

requirad  to  preserve  silence  or  steadiness  of  position, 
but  thej  must  always  keep  one  or  the  other  heel,  and 
their  pieces,  on  the  alignment. 
Or  he  will  command  : 

1.  Parade.    2.  REST. 

§  107.  At  the  second  command,  the  men  will  carry 
the  right  foot  six  inches  in  rear  of  the  left  heel,  the  left 
knee  slightly  bent,  the  body  upright  upon  the  right  leg, 
the  piece  resting  against  the  hollow  of  the  right  shoul- 
der, the  hands  crossed  in  front,  the  backs  of  them  out- 
wards, the  left  hand  uppermost,  the  eyes  direct  to  the 
front. 

1.  Attention.    2.  SQUAD. 

§  108.  At  the  second  word,  the  men  will  resume  the 
correct  position  of  order  arms. 

§  109.  If,  at  the  command  in  place-rest  or  parade-rest, 
the  squad  be  in  the  position  of  support-arms,  the  men 
will  be  regulated  by  the  directions  in  ^^  106,-107,  ex- 
cept that  they  will  bring  up  smartly  the  right  hand  to 
the  small  of  the  stock.  At  the  command  of  attention^ 
they  will  resume  the  correct  position  at  support-arms.. 
To  Right  Shoulder  Shift- ARMS.*    ( Two  motions. ) 

I  110.  First.  Turn  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  lock 
to  the  front,  seize  it  at  the  same  time  with  the  right 
hand  at  the  small. 

§  111.  Second.  Carry  the  piece  to  the  right  shoulder, 
the  lock  plate  upwards,  the  left  hand  still  holding  the 
butt,  the  muzzle  elevated ;  place  the  right  hand  on  the 
butt,  the  beak  between  the  first  two  fingers,  the  other 
two  fingers  under  the  butt  plate,  and  let  fall  the  left 
hand  by  the  side. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     (  Two  motions. ) 
I  112.     First.     Raise  the  piece  and  extend  tie  right 
arm,  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  above  the  lock,  carry 

*  From  the  position  of  shoulder  arms. 
I 


30  THE    SQUAD. 

the  piece  agdiust  the  left  shoulder,  turning  the  barrel  to 
the  front,  (in  turning  place  the  thumb  on  the  S  plate,) 
the  right  hand  being  at  the  small,  place  the  left  hand 
under  the  butt. 

§  113.     Second.     Let  the  right  hand  fall  by  the  side. 

Slope  (or  Ease)  ARMS.    (One  motion.) 
§  114.     Carry  forward  and  raise  slightly  the  left  hand, 
so  that  the  piece  will  rest  at  the  lower  band  on  the  left 
slic#lder,  keep  the  muzzle  elevated,  the  piece  sloped 
diagonally  to  the  rear. 

Carry- ARMS.    (One  motion.) 
§  115.     Depress  the  left  hand  and  resume  the  position 
of  shoulder  arms. 

Arms- AT  WILL.     {One  motion.) 
§  116.    Carry  the  piece  at  pleasure  on  either  shoulder, 
with  one  or  both  hands,  the  muzzle  elevated. 

Shoulder- ARMS.      (One  motion.) 
§  117.     Retake  quickly  the  position  of  shoulder  arms. 

Arms-PORT. 

§  118.  Throw  the  piece  diagonally  across  the  body, 
the  lock  to  the  front,  seize  it  smartly  at  the  same  time 
with  both  hands,  the  right  at  the  small,  the  left  at 
the  tail  band,  the  thumbs  pointing  towards  the  muzzle, 
the  barrel  sloping  upwards  and  crossing  opposite  to  the 
point  of  the  left  shoulder,  the  butt  proportionally  low- 
ered: the  palm  of  the  right  hand  above,  that  of  the  left 
under  the  piece,  and  the  nails  of  both  hands  next  to  the 
body,  to  which  the  elbows  will  be  closed. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     (  Two  motions. ) 
§  119.     First.     Bring  the  piece  smartly  to   the   left 

shoulder,  placing  the  left  hand  under  the  butt. 

§  120.     Second.     Drop  the  right  hand  smartly  by  the 

side. 


THE   SQUAD.  31 

To  ground  Arms. 

The  squad  being  at  ordered  arms,  if  the  instructor 
wish  the  pieces  to  be  placed  on  the  ground,  he  will 
command  : 

Ground- ARMS.  {Two  motions.) 
§  121.  First.  Turn  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  the 
barrel  to  the  left,  at  the  same  time  seize  the  cartridge- 
box  with  the  left  hand,  bend  the  body,  advance  the  left 
foot,  the  heel  opposite  the  lower  band  ;  lay  the  piece  on 
tlie  ground  with  the  right  hand,  the  toe  of  the  butt  on 
a  line  with  the  right  toe,  the  knees  slightly  bent, 
the  right  heel  raised. 

§  122.  Second.  Rise  up,  bring  the  left  foot  by  the  side 
of  the  right,  quit  the  cartridge-box  with  the  left  hand, 
and  drop  the  hands  by  the  side. 

Raise- ARMS.     (Two  motions.) 
§  123.    Firat.    Raise    the  cartridge-box  with  the   left 
hand,  bend  the  body,  advance  the  left  foot  opposite  the 
lower  band,  and  seize  the  piece  with  the  right  hand. 

^  124.  Second.  Raise  the  piece,  bringing  the  left  foot 
by  the  side  of  the  right  ;  turn  the  piece  with  the  right 
hand,  the  rammer  to  the  front ;  at  the  same  time  quit 
the  cartridge-box  with  the  left  hand,  and  drop  this  hand 
by  the  side. 

To  stack  arms. 
The  squad  being  in  two  ranks  at  order  arms,  the  in- 
structor will  command : 

Staek-ARMS. 

^  125.  At  this  command,  the  front  rank  man  of  every 
even  numbered  file  will  pass  his  piece  before  him,  seiz- 
ing it  with  the  left  hand  above  the  middle  band,  and 
place  the  butt  outside  and  near  his  left  foot,  the  barrel 
turned  to  the  front,  the  muzzle  opposite  the  right 
shoulder.     At  the  same  time  the  front   rank  man  of 


32  THE   SQUAD. 

every  odd  numbered  file  will  pass  liis  piece  before  bim, 
seizing  it  with  the  left  hand  below  the  middle  band,  and 
hand  it  to  the  man  next  on  the  left ;  the  latter  will  re- 
ceive it  with  the  right  hand  two  inches  above  the  middle 
band,  throw  the  butt  about  thirty-two  inches  to  the 
front,  opposite  to  his  right  shoulder,  inclining  the  muz- 
zle towards  the  right  shoulder,  and  lock  the  shanks  of 
the  two  bayonets,  the  barrel  remaining  to  the  rear  and 
its  shank  above  that  of  the  fii'st  piece.  The  rear  rank 
man  of  every  even  file  projects  his  bayonet  forward,  the 
barrel  to  the  right,  and  introduces  it  (using  both  hands) 
between  the  muzzles  and  under  the  shanks  of  the  two 
other  bayonets.  He  will  then  abandon  the  piece  to  his 
file  leader,  who  will  receive  it  with  the  right  hand  under 
the  middle  band,  bring  the  butt  to  the  front,  holding  up 
his  own  piece  and  the  stack  with  the  left  hand,  and 
place  the  butt  of  this  third  piece  between  the  feet  of 
the  man  next  on  the  right,  the  barrel  to  the  right.  The 
stack  thus  formed,  the  rear  rank  man  of  every  odd  file 
will  pass  his  piece  into  his  left  hand,  the  barrel  turned 
to  the  front,  and,  sloping  the  bayonet  forward,  rest  it 
on  the  stack. 

^  126.  When  organized  companies  stack  arms  the 
sergeants,  (and  also  the  corporals,  if  in  the  rank  of  file 
closers)  will  rest  their  pieces  against  the  stacks  nearest 
to  them  respectively,  after  ranks  are  broken,  and  re- 
sume their  pieces  on  the  signal  to  re-form  ranks. 

Take- ARMS. 

§  127.  At  this  command,  the  rear  rank  man  of  every 
odd  file  will  withdraw  his  pieces  from  the  stack  ;  the 
front  rank  man  of  every  even  file  will  seize  his  own  piece 
with  the  left  hand,  and  that  of  the  man  on  his  right 
with  his  right ;  the  rear  rank  man  of  every  even  file 
will  seize  his  piece  with  the  right  hand  at  the  middle 
band,  advancing  for  the  purpose  the  hollow  of  his  right 


THE  SQUAD.  83 

foot  as  far  as  the  right  heel  of  his  file  leader ;  these  two 
men  will  raise  up  the  stack  to  loosen  the  shanks ;  the 
front  rank  men  of  every  odd  file  receives  his  piece  from 
the  hand  of  the  man  next  on  the  left,  and  the  four  men 
will  retake  the  position  of  the  soldier  at  order  arms. 

Reverse-ARMS."^  (Two  motions.) 
§  128.  First.  Grasp  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  the 
finger  nails  to  the  front,  at  the  height  of  the  shoulder, 
turn  the  piece  to  the  right  and  in  front  of  the  body,  and 
bring  it  reversed  under  the  left  arm,  the  barrel  sloping 
to  the  rear;  at  the  same  time,  slip  the  left  hand  to  the 
small,  grasping  it  with  the  finger  nails  up. 

^  129.  Second.  Remove  and  carry  briskly  the  right 
hand  to  the  rear  of  the  body,  and  with  it  grasp  the 
piece  between  the  middle  and  lower  bands,  the  finger 
nails  outwards. 

Shoulder- ARMS.  (Two  motions.) 
§  130.  First.  Bring  the  right  hand  briskly  to  the  front 
and  with  it  grasp  the  piece  at  the  swell  of  the  stock, 
the  finger  nails  inward ;  at  the  same  time,  slip  the  left 
hand  to  the  butt  and  invert  the  piece  with  both  hands, 
bringing  it  in  front  of  the  body,  to  the  shoulder,  and, 
slipping  the  right  hand,  let  it  fall  to  the  hammer. 
§  131.  Second.  Drop  the  right  hand  by  the  side. 

Rest  on- ARMS. *  (  Two  motions. ) 
^  132.  First.  Grasp  the  piece  at  the  height  of  the 
shoulder,  with  the  right  hand,  the  finger  nails  to  the 
front,  reverse  it  by  turning  it  to  the  right  in  front  of 
the  body,  and  let  the  muzzle  rest  on  the  left  foot,  the 
left  hand  resting  on  the  butt. 

§  133.  Second.  Remove  quickly  the  right  hand  to  the 
butt  and  let  it  rest  there,  the  finger  nails  outward ;  at 
the  same  time,  bow  the  head  and  bend  the  right  knee. 

*  From  the  position  of  shoulder  arms. 
3 


34  THE    SQUAD. 

Shoulder- ARMS.  (  Two  motions.) 
§  134.  First.  Drop  the  right  hand,  and  with  it  seize 
the  piece  at  the  swell  of  the  stock  ;  with  both  hands, 
(the  left  depressed  and  the  right  raised,)  turn  the  piece 
in  front  of  the  body,  bringing  it  against  the  left  shoulder, 
and  slipping  the  right  hand  let  it  fall  to  the  hammer. 
§  135.  Second.  Drop  the  right  hand  by  the  side. 

Inspection  of  Arms. 

The  men  being  at  ordered  arms,  and  having  the  bayo- 
net in  the  scabbard,  the  instructor  will  command : 

Inspection- ARMS.     (Three  motions.) 

§  136.  First.  Face  to  the  right  once  and  a  half,  carry- 
tlie  right  foot  perpendicular  to  the  alignment,  about 
six  inches  from,  and  at  right  angles  with,  the  left  foot ; 
seize  promptly  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  a  little 
above  the  middle  band,  incline  the  muzzle  to  the  rear 
without  displacing  the  heel  of  the  butt,  the  rammer 
turned  towards  the  body ;  carrying  at  the  same  time  the 
right  hand  to  the  bayonet,  and  seize  it  as  prescribed  in 
fix  bayonet,  §   95. 

§  137.  Second.  Draw  the  bayonet  from  the  scabbard, 
carry  and  fix  it  on  the  muzzle  ;  seize  next  the  rammer, 
draw  it  as  explained  in  the  fifth  time  of  loading,  (see 
page  36,  §§  150,  151,  152,)  and  let  it  glide  to  the  bottom 
of  the  bore. 

§  138.  Third.  Face  promptly  to  the  front,  seize  the 
piece  with  the  right  hand  and  retake  the  position  of 
order  arms. 

§  139.  The  instructor  will  then  inspect  in  succession 
the  piece  of  each  man,  in  passing  along  the  front  of  the 
rank.  Each,  as  the  inspector  reaches  him,  will  raise 
smartly  liis  piece  with  his  right  hand,  seize  it  with  the 
left  near  the  lower  band,  the  lock  to  the  front,  the  left 
hand  at  the  height  of  the  chin,  the  piece  opposite  to  the 
left  eye  ;  the  instructor  will  take  it  with  the  right  hand 


THE   SQUAD.  85 

at  tlie  handle,  and  after  inspecting  it,  will  return  it  to 
tlie  recruit,  wlio  will  receive  it  back  with,  the  right  hand, 
and  replace  it  in  the  position  of  order  arms. 

§  140.  When  the  instructor  shall  have  passed  him, 
each  man  will  take  the  position  prescribed  in  §  136, 
return  the  rammer  as  explained  in  the  seventh  time  of 
loading,  (see  page  37,  §§  154,  155,  156,)  and  resume  the 
position  of  order  arms. 

If  instead  of  inspection  of  arms,  bayonets  are  to  be  fixed 
only,  the  command  is, 

Fix-BAYONET. 

§  141.  Take  the  position  prescribed  in  the  first  mo- 
tion of  inspection  of  arms,  ^  136;  fix  bayonet  and  face 
to  the  front. 

If  the  instructor  wish  to  ascertain  whether  any  of  the 
pieces  are  loaded,  he  will  command : 

Spring-RAMMERS. 

^  142.  Put  the  rammers  in  the  barrel  as  above  ex- 
plained, and  retake  the  position  of  order  arrns. 

§  143.  The  inspector  for  the  purpose  stated,  can  take 
the  rammer  by  the  small  end,  and  spring  it  in  the 
barrel,  or  cause  each  man  to  make  it  ring  in  the  barrel. 

^  144.  Each  man,  after  the  inspector  passes  him,  will 
return  rammer  and  resume  the  position  of  order  arms. 


LOADING    AND    FIRING. 
Load  in  ten  times. 

1.  LOAD.  (Two  motio7is.) 
§  145.  One.  Drop  the  piece  by  a  smart  extension  of 
the  left  arm,  seize  it  with  the  right  hand  above  and 
near  the  tail  band  ;  at  the  same  time  carry  the  right 
foot  forward,  the  heel  against  the  hollow  of  the  left 
foot. 


36  THE  SQUAD. 

§  146.  Tico.  Drop  the  piece  with  the  right  hand  along 
the  left  thigh,  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  at  the  middle 
band,  and  with  the  left  hand  let  it  descend  along  to 
the  ground,  without  shock,  the  piece  touching  the  left 
thigh,  and  the  muzzle  opposite  to  the  centre  of  the 
body ;  carry  the  right  hand  quickly  to  the  cartridge- 
box  and  open  it. 

2.  Handle-CARTRIDGE.    {One  motion.) 
^  147.  Seize  the  cartridge  with  the  thumb  and  next 
two  fingers,  and  place  it  between  the  teeth. 

3.  Tear-CARTRIDGE.  {One  motion.) 
§  148.  Tear  the  paper  down  to  the  powder,  hold  the 
cartridge  upright  between  the  thumb  and  next  two 
fingers,  near  the  top  ;  and  in  this  position  place  it  in 
front  of  and  near  the  muzzle,  the  back  of  the  hand  to 
the  front. 

4.  Charge-CARTRIDGE.  (One  motion.) 
§  149.  Fix  the  eye  on  the  muzzle,  turn  quickly  the 
back  of  the  right  hand  towards  the  body,  in  order  to 
discharge  the  powder  into  the  barrel,  raise  the  elbow  to 
the  height  of  the  wrist,  shake  the  cartridge,  force  it 
into  the  muzzle  and  leave  the  hand  reversed,  the  fingers 
extended,  the  thumb  extended  along  the  barrel. 

3.  Draw-RAMMER.  (Three  motions.) 
§  150.  One.  Drop  smartly  the  right  elbow  and  seize 
the  rammer  between  the  thumb  and  forefinger  bent, 
the  other  fingers  shut ;  draw  it  smartly  extending  the 
arm  ;  seize  the  rammer  again  at  the  middle,  between 
the  thumb  and  forefinger,  the  hand  reversed,  the  palm 
to  the  front,  the  nails  up,  the  eyes  following  the  move- 
ment of  the  hand  ;  clear  the  rammer  from  the  pipes  by 
again  extending  the  arm. 

§  151.     Two.     Turn  rapidly  the  rammer  between  the 
bayonet  and  the  face,  closing  the  fingers,  (the  rammer 


THE    SQUAD.  37 

of  the  rear  rank  man  grazing  the  right  shoulder  of  the 
man  of  the  same  file  in  front,  respectively)  the  rammer 
parallel  to  the  bayonet,  the  arm  extended,  the  butt  of 
the  rammer  opposite  to  the  muzzle,  but  not  yet  in- 
serted, the  eyes  fixed  on  the  muzzle. 

§  152.  Three.  Insert  the  butt  of  the  rammer  and  force 
it  down  as  low  as  the  hand. 

6.  Ram-CARTRIDGE.     {One  motion.) 

g  153.  Extend  the  arm  to  its  full  length  to  seize  the 
rammer  between  the  right  thumb  extended  and  the 
forefinger  bent,  the  other  fingers  closed  ;  with  force  ram 
home  twice  (the  right  elbow  down  and  near  the  piece) 
and  seize  the  rammer  at  the  little  end,  between  the 
thumb  and  forefinger  bent,  the  other  fingers  closed,  the 
right  elbow  touching  the  body. 

7.  Return-RAMMEIl.  {Three  motions.) 
§  154.  One.  Draw  briskly  the  rammer,  reseize  it  at 
the  middle  between  the  thumb  and  forefinger,  the  hand 
reversed,  the  palm  to  the  front,  the  nails  up,  the  eyes 
following  the  movement  of  the  hand,  clear  the  rammer 
from  the  barrel  by  extending  the  arm. 

g  155.  Two.  Turn  rapidly  the  rammer  between  the 
bayonet  and  the  face,  closing  the  fingers,  (the  rammer 
of  the  rear  rank  man  grazing  the  right  shoulder  of  the 
man  of  the  same  file  in  front,)  the  rammer  parallel  to 
the  bayonet,  the  arm  extended,  the  little  end  of  tho 
rammer  opposite  to  the  first  pipe,  but  not  yet  inserted, 
the  eyes  fixed  on  that  pipe. 

§  156.  Three.  Insert  the  little  end,  and  with  the 
thumb,  which  will  follow  the  movement,  force  it  as  low 
as  the  middle  band ;  raise  quickly  the  right  hand  a 
little  bent,  place  the  little  finger  on  the  butt  of  the 
rammer,  and  force  it  down  :  lower  the  left  hand  on  the 
barrel  to  the  extent  of  the  arm,  without  depressing  tho 
shoulder. 


38  THE    SQUAD. 

8.  Cast- ABOUT.  {Tivo  motions.) 
§  157.  One.  Raise  the  |iece  witli  the  left  hand  along 
the  left  side,  the  hand  tt  the  height  of  the  chin,  the 
forearm  touching  the  piece,  the  barrel  to  the  front ; 
drop  at  the  same  time  the  right  hand  to  seize  the  piece 
a  little  above  the  small,  the  forefinger  touching  the 
lock,  the  thumb  on  the  S  plate,  and  bring  back  the 
right  heel  to  the  side  of  the  left. 

§  158.  Two.  Make  a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left 
heel,  bring  the  left  toe  to  the  front,  the  right  foot  be- 
hind and  at  right-angles  with  the  left,  the  hollow  of  the 
right  foot  against  the  heel  of  the  left.  At  the  same 
time  seize  the  small  of  the  stock  with  the  right  hand, 
and  bring  down  the  piece  with  both  hands  to  the  po- 
sition of  c/iar^e-BAYONET. 

9.  PRIME.     (One  motion.) 
^  159.   Sustain  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  (half-cock 
the  piece),  brush  off  the  old  cap,  and  with  the  thumb 
and  first  two  fingers  take  a  cap  from  the  pouch,  place  it 
firmly  on  the  cone,  pushing  it  down  with  the  thumb. 

10.  Shoulder- ARMS.    {Tivo  motions.) 
g  160.  As  from  Charge- Bayonet,  U  100,  101. 

To  Load  in  Four  Times. 

^  161.  The  first  time  will  be  executed  at  the  command 
Load ;  the  three  others  at  the  words  two,  three,  andybwr. 

Load  in  four  Times-LOAD. 

?  162.  Execute  what  is  prescribed  for  Load,  Handle- 
Cartridge,  Tear-  Cartridge,  and  Charge-  Cartridge. 

TWO. 

§  163.  Draw-Rammer  and  Ram- Cartridge. 

THREE. 
§  164.  Return-Rumrxr  and  Cast-About. 


THE    SQUAD.  39 

FOUK. 

§  165.   f\ime  aud  Shoulder- Arms. 

To  Load  at  will. 
Load  at  will-LOAD. 

§  166.  At  the  command  load,  execute  the  loading  as 
in  four  times,  but  without  resting  on  the  times. 

READY.     {Four  motions.) 

§  167.  One.  Make  a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left 
heel,  bring  the  left  toe  to  the  front,  place  at  the  same 
time  the  right  foot  behind,  and  at  right  angles  with  the 
left,  the  hollow  of  the  right  foot  against  the  left  heel  ; 
turn  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  the  lock  outwards, 
and  seize  at  the  same  time  the  handle  (or  small  of  the 
stock,)  with  the  right  hand,  the  piece  perpendicular, 
and  detached  from  the  shoulder;  (leave  the  left  hand 
under  the  butt.) 

§  168.  Two.  Bring  the  piece  with  the  right  hand  to 
the  middle  of  the  body,  place  the  left  hand  just  above 
the  lock,  the  thumb  extended  on  the  stock  at  the  height 
of  the  chin,  the  S  plate  almost  turned  towards  the  body, 
the  rammer  obliquely  to  the  left  and  fronts 

§  169.  Three.  Place  the  thumb  on  the  hammer,  the 
forefinger  under  and  on  the  guard,  the  other  three 
fingers  joined  to  the  first,  the  elbow  at  the  height  of  ihe 
wrist. 

§  170.  Four.  Close  the  right  elbow  smartly  to  the  body 
in  cocking,  seize  the  piece  at  the  small,  let  it  descend 
along  the  body  in  the  left  hand  to  the  tail  band,  which 
will  remain  at  the  height  of  the  shoulder,  fand  opposite 
to  the  centre  of  the  body.) 

AIM.     {One  motion.) 
§  171.  Drop  smartly  the  muzzle,   the  left  hand  re- 
maining at  the  tail  band,  support  the  butt  against  the 
right  shoulder,  the  left  elbow  a  little  down,  shut  the 


40  THE    SQUAD. 

left  eye,  direct  the  right  along  the  barrel,  drop  the  head 
upon  the  butt  to  catch  the  object,  and  place  the  fore- 
finger on  the  trigger. 

§  172.  The  rear  rank  will,  at  the  same  time,  carry  the 
right  foot  about  eight  inches  towards  the  left  heel  of 
the  man  next  on  the  right. 

FIRE.     {One  motion.) 
§  173.  Apply  the  forefinger  with  force  to  the  trigger 
without  further  lowering  or  turning  the  head,  and  re- 
main in  that  position. 

LOAD.     (^From  the  fire— two  motions.) 

§  174.  Otie.  Bring  back  the  piece  quickly  with  both 
hands,  the  rear  rank  men  bringing  the  right  foot  by  the 
side  of  the  left ;  depress  the  butt  strongly  by  extending 
the  right  arm,  and  carry  it  with  the  arm  thus  extended 
to  the  left  side,  the  barrel  turned  to  the  front  and  oppo- 
site to  the  left  shoulder  ;  open  the  left  hand  to  let  the 
piece  slide  through  it  to  the  middle  band,  the  back  of 
the  hand  to  the  front,  the  left  forearm  touching  the 
stock  ;  at  the  same  time  face  to  the  front,  and  carry  the 
right  foot  forward,  the  heel  against  the  hollow  of  the 
left  foot. 

§  175.  Two.  Quit  the  hold  of  the  right  hand ;  with 
the  left  hand  remaining  at  the  middle  band,  let  the 
piece  descend  to  the  ground,  without  shock,  and  take 
the  position  of  the  second  motion  of  the  first  time  of 
loading. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     (From  the  fire — two  motions.) 

^  176.  One.  Bring  back  the  pieee  with  both  hands, 
face  to  the  front,  carry  the  piece  against  the  left  shoul- 
der and  place  the  left  hand  under  the  butt. 

§  177.  Two.  Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into  its 
position. 

Recover- ARMS.     (From  the  aim — one  motion.) 

§  178.  At  the  word  recover^  withdraw  the  finger  from 


THE    SQUAD.  ^1 

the  trigger ;  at  the  command  arins,  throw  up  smartly 
the  muzzle,  and  retake  the  position  of  the  fourth  motion 
of  ready. 

Shoulder- ARMS.  {From  the  ready— one  motion.) 
§  179.  At  the  word  shoidder,  face  to  the  front,  bring 
the  piece  to  the  middle  of  the  bodj,  the  left  thumb  at 
the  height  of  the  chin,  the  piece  supported  by  the  left 
hand,  holding  it  fast  above  the  lock ;  next  place  the 
right  thumb  on  the  head  of  the  cock,  support  the  fore- 
finger on  the  trigger,  sustain  at  the  same  time  the  cock 
in  its  descent  till  it  nearly  touches  the  cone,  raise  the 
cock  to  the  half-cock  notch,  (the  reaching  of  which  will 
be  both  felt  and  heard,)  and  seize  the  handle  of  the 
piece  (or  small  of  stock,)  with  the  right  hand.  At  the 
word  arm3  carry  the  piece  smartly  to  the  shoulder  and 
retake  the  position  of  shoulder  arms. 

Firings. 

§  180.  The  firings  are  either  direct  or  oblique. 
For  the  direct  fire,  the  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Fire  by  Squad.     2.  Squad.     3.  READY. 
4.  AIM.    5.  FIRE.    6.  LOAD. 

^  181.  These  several  commands  will  be  executed  as 
has  been  prescribed  in  the  Manual  of  Arms.  At  the 
sixth  they  will  load  their  pieces  and  return  immediately 
to  the  position  of  ready. 

§  182.  The  firing  will  be  re-commenced  by  the  com- 
mands : 

1.  Squad.    2.  AIM.    3.  FIRE.    4.  LOAD. 

When  the  instructor  wishes  the  firing  to  cease  he  will 
command : 

Cease-FIRING. 

§  183.  At  this  command  the  men  will  cease  firing,  but 
will  load  their  pieces  if  unloaded,  and  afterwards  bring 
them  to  a  shoulder. 


42  THE   SQUAD. 


The  oblique  Fire. 

g  184.  Tho  oblique  firings  will  be  executed  to  the  right 
and  left,  and  by  the  same  commands  as  the  direct  fire, 
with  this  single  difference — the  command  aim  will  al- 
ways be  preceded  by  the  caution,  right  or  left  oblique. 

Position  of  the  ranks  in  the  oblique  fire  to  the 
right. 

^  185.  At  the  command  readij,  the  two  ranks  will  exe- 
cute what  has  been  prescribed  for  the  direct  fire. 

§  18G.  At  the  cautionary  command,  right  oblique,  the 
two  ranks  will  throw  back  the  right  shoulder  and  look 
steadily  at  the  object  to  be  hit. 

§  187.  At  the  command  aim,  each  front  rank  man  will 
aim  to  the  right  without  deranging  his  feet ;  each  rear 
rank  man  will  advance  the  left  foot  about  eight  inches 
towards  the  right  heel  of  the  man,  next  on  the  right  of 
his  file  leader,  and  aim  to  the  right,  inclining  the  upper 
part  of  the  body  forward,  and  bending  a  little  the  left 
knee. 

§  188.  At  the  command  load,  both  ranks  will  resume 
the  position  of  load  in  the  fire  direct. 

Position  of  the  ranks  in  the  oblique  fire  to  the  left. 

§  189.  At  the  command  left  oblique,  the  two  ranks  will 
throw  back  the  left  shoulder,  and  look  steadily  at  the 
object  to  be  hit. 

§  190.  At  the  command  aim,  the  front  rank  will  take 
aim  to  the  left  without  deranging  the  feet  ;  each  man 
in  the  rear  rank  will  advance  the  right  foot  about  eight 
inches  towards  the  riglit  heel  of  the  man  next  on  the 
right  of  his  file  leader,  and  aim  to  the  left,  inclining  the 
upper  part  of  the  body  forward,  and  bending  a  little  the 
right  knee. 

§  191.  At  the  command  load,  both  ranks  will  come  to 
the  position  of  load  as  prescribed  in  the  direct  fire. 


THE   SQUAD.  43 

To  fire  by  file. 

The  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Fire  by  file.    2.  Squad.    3.  READY.    4.  COM- 
MENCE FIRING. 

§  192.  At  the  fourth  command,  the  right  file  will  aim 
and  fire,  the  two  men  together  ;  the  rear  rank  man  in 
taking  aim  will  carry  the  right  foot  about  eight  inches 
to  the  right ;  the  next  file  aims  at  the  instant  the  first 
has  fired,  and  so  on  successively  to  the  left.  After  the 
first  fire  every  man  will  load  and  fire  without  waiting 
for  the  others. 

Cease-FIRING. 

§  193.  At  this  command,  the  men  will  cease  firing. 
If  they  have  fired,  they  will  load  their  pieces  and  bring 
them  to  a  shoulder ;  if  at  the  position  of  readij,  they 
will  half-cock  and  shoulder  arms.  If  in  the  position  of 
aim,  they  will  bring  down  their  pieces,  half-cock,  and 
shoulder  arms. 

To  fire  by  rank. 

§  194.  The  fire  by  rank  will  be  executed  by  each  en- 
tire rank,  alternately. 

The  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Fire  by  rank.    2.  Squad.    3.  READY.    4.  Rear 
rank.    5.  AIM.    6.  FIRE.    7.  LOAD. 

§  195.  At  the  third  command  both  ranks  will  take 
the  position  of  ready. 

§  196.  At  the  seventh  command,  the  rear  rank  will 
load  and  come  to  the  position  of  ready.  When  several 
men  in  the  rear  rank  have  taken  this  position,  the  in- 
structor will  command  : 

1.  Front  rank.    2.  AIM.    3.  FIRE.    4.  LOAD. 


44  THE    SQUAD. 

§  197.  At  these  commands,  the  men  in  the  front  rank 
will  execute  what  has  been  prescribed  for  the  rear 
rank. 

§  198.  The  instructor  will  thus  continue  to  alternate 
from  rank  to  rank.  At  the  command  cease  firing,  the 
men  will  execute  what  has  been  before  prescribed. 


PART   II. 

THE    COMPANY. 
Formation  of  the  Company. 

§  199.  The  company  being  assembled  on  its  ground, 
the  sergeants,  bj  the  command  fall  in,  cause  the  rank 
and  file,  (corporals  and  privates)  to  form  in  one  rank, 
faced  to  the  right,  the  tallest  man  on  the  right  (or 
head  of  the  rank,)  the  next  tallest  next,  and  so  on  to 
the  left,  or  rear  of  the  rank. 

The  first  sergeant  will  then  command : 

FRONT. 

§  200.  At  this  command,  the  company  will  face  to  the 
front.* 

The  first  sergeant  will  then  command : 

1.  In  two  ranks,  form  Company.    2.  Company 
right-FACE.    3.  MARCH. 

§  201.  At  the  second  command,  the  company  will  face 
to  the  right  ;  the  man  on  the  right  will  remain  faced  to 
the  front. 

§  202.  At  the  command  march,  the  men  who  have 
faced  to  the  right,  will  step  off  and  form  files  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner  :  the  second  man  in  the  rank  will  place 
liimself  behind  the  first  to  form  the  first  file  ;  the  third 
will  place  himself  by  the  side  of  the  first  in  the  front 
rank  ;  the  fourth  behind  the  third  in  the  rear  rank.  All 
the  others  will,  in  like  manner,  place  themselves,  alter- 
nately, in  the  front  and  rear  rank,  and  will  thus  form 
files  of  two  men,  on  the  left  of  those  already  formed. 

*  If  the  roll  of  the  company  is  called,  each  man,  as 
he  answers  to  his  name,  will  bring  his  piece  to  the  po- 
sition of  order  arms,  and  the  sergeant,  after  the  roll  is 
called  through,  will  command  shoulder  arms. 

(45) 


46  THE   COMPANY. 

The  first  sergeant  will  then  command : 

In  each  rank— Count  TWOS. 

§  203.  At  this  command,  the  men  count  in  each  rank 
'rem  right  to  left,  pronouncing  iu  a  loud  and  distinct 
voice,  in  the  same  tone,  without  hurry,  and  without 
turning  the  head,  one,  two,  according  to  the  place  which 
each  one  oocupies. 

§  204.  He  will  then  divide  the  company  into  two  equal 
platoons,  and  each  platoon  into  two  equal  sections, 
place  the  corporals  in  position  in  the  front  rank,  on  the 
right  and  left  of  platoons,  and  report  to  the  captain  the 
formation  of  the  company. 

The  officers  and  sergeants  will  now  take  their  posts  as 
follows  : 

§  205,  The  captain  in  the  front  rank  on  the  right  of 
the  company,  touching  with  the  left  elbow,* 

§  206.  The  Jirsi  lieutenant,  two  paces  in  rear  of  and 
opposite  the  centre  of  the  fourth  section. 

§  207.  The  second  lieutenant,  two  paces  in  rear  of  and 
opposite  the  centre  of  the  first  platoon. 

§  208.  The  tliird  lieutenant,  two  paces  in  rear  of  and 
opposite  the  centre  of  the  second  platoon. 

§  209.  The  first  sergeant,  in  the  rear  rank  and  cover- 
ing the  captain.  He  is  denominated  covering  sergeant, 
or  right  guide  of  the  company. 

§  210.  The  second  sergeant,  two  paces  in  rear  of  and 
opposite  the   second  file  from  the  left  of  the  company. 

He  is  designated  as  left  guide  of  the  company. 
^  211.  The    third  sergeant,  two   paces  in  rear  of  and 
opposite  the  second  file  from  the  right  of  the  second 
platoon. 

§  212.  The  fourth  sergeant,  two  paces  in  rear  of  and 

*  When  the  captain  acts  as  instructor  or  in  indepen- 
dent command  of  the  company,  the  first  lieutenant 
takes  this  post,  and  his  post  in  turn  is  filled  by  the 
second  lieutenant,  and  so  on. 


THE    COMPANY.  47 

opposite  the  second  file  from  the  left  of  the  first  pla- 
toon. 

§  213.  The  fifth  sergeant,  two  paces  in  rear  of  and 
opposite  the  second  file  from  the  right  of  the  first  pla- 
toon. 

§  214.  Absent  officers  and  sergeants  will  be  replaced, 
— officers  by  sergeants,  and  sergeants  by  corporals. 

§  215.  The  officers  and  sergeants  thus  posted  in  rear 
of  the  company,  constitute  the  rank  of  file  closers. 
This  rank  is  two  paces  in  rear  of  the  rear  rank. 

§  216.  The  pioneer  is  posted  in  the  line  of  file  closers 
on  the  right ;  and  the  music  in  a  line  with  the  front 
rank,  four  paces  on  its  right,  the  drum  on  the  right  of 
the  fifer,  or  bugler. 

To  open  ranks. 

The  company  being  at  ordered  arms,  the  ranks  and 
file  closers  well  aligned,  to  open  ranks,  the  instructor 
will  command: 

1.  Attention.  2.  Company.  3.  Shoulder-ARMS. 
4.  Prepare  to  open  ranks.  5.  To  the  rear  open 
order. 

§  217.  At  the  fourth  command,  the  left  guide  will 
place  himself  on  the  left  of  the  front  rank. 

g  218.  At  the  fifth  command,  the  covering  sergeant 
and  the  left  guide  will  step  ofl'  smartly  to  the  rear,  four 
paces  from  the  front  rank,  in  order  to  mark  the  align- 
ment of  the  rear  rank.  The  instructor  having  aligned 
these  two  guides  on  a  line  parallel  to  the  front  rank, 
will  then  command : 

6.  MARCH. 

§  219.  At  this  command,  the  front  rank  will  stand 
fast.  The  rear  rank  will  step  to  the  rear  without  count- 
ing the  steps,  and  will  place  itself  on  the  alignment 
marked  out  for  it.  It  will  then  bo  aligned  on  the  left 
guide  by  the  covering  sergeant.     The  file  closers  will 


48  THE   COMPANY. 

step  oflf  at  the  same  time  with  the  rear  rank,  and  place 
themselves  two  paces  in  the  rear  of  it  when  it  is  aligned. 
The  instructor  seeing  the  ranks  aligned,  will  com- 
mand : 

7.  FRONT. 

§  220.  At  this  command,  the  left  guide  will  return  to 
his  place  as  a  file  closer. 

Manual  of  arms. 

§  221.  The  ranks  being  open,  the  instructor  will  place 
himself  in  a  position  to  see  the  ranks,  and  will  com- 
mand the  manual  of  arms  in  the  following  order : 

Present  Arms,  Shoulder  Arms. 

Order  Arms,  Shoulder  Arms. 

Support  Arms,  Carry  Arms. 

Unfix  Bayonet,  Shoulder  Arms. 

Secure  Arms,  Shoulder  Arms. 

Fix  Bayonet,  Shoulder  Arms. 

Charge  Bayonet,  Shoulder  Arms. 

Trail  Arms,  Shoulder  Arms. 

Load  in  ten  times. 

To  close  ranks  the  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Close  order.    2.  MARCH. 

§  222.  At  the  command  march,  the  rear  rank  will  close 
up  in  quick  time,  each  man  covering  his  file  leader. 

^  223.  The  company  may  be  exercised  in  the  manual 
of  arms,  loading  in  four  times,  loading  at  will,  firing  hij  file, 
firing  hy  rank,  and  direct  and  oblique  firing  by  company,  as 
prescribed  in  the  squad  drill,  the  instructor  substituting 
company  for  squad  wherever  it  occurs. 

§  224.  At  the  preparatory  command  in  firing,  the 
captain  will  promptly  place  himself  opposite  the  centre 
of  his  company,  and  four  paces  in  rear  of  the  line  of 
file  closers  ;  the  covering  sergeant  will  retire  to  that 
line,  and  place  himself  opposite  to  his  interval.     This 


THE   COMPANY.  49 

rule  is  general,  for  both  the  captain  and  covering  sergeant,  in 
all  the  different  firings. 

To  Fire    by  the  rear  rank. 

1.  Face  by  the  rear  rank.    2.    Company. 

3.  ABOUT-FACE. 

§  225.  At  tlie  first  command,  tlie  captain  will  step  out 
and  place  himself  near  to,  and  facing  the  right  file  of 
his  company ;  the  covering  sergeant,  and  file  closers, 
will  pass  quickly  through  the  captain's  interval,  and 
place  themselves  faced  to  the  rear,  the  covering  ser- 
geant a  pace  behind  the  captain,  and  the  file  closers  two 
paces  from  the  front  rank,  opposite  to  their  places  in 
line,  each  passing  behind  the  covering  sergeant. 

§  226.  At  the  third  command,  which  will  be  given  at 
the  instant  the  last  file  closer  shall  have  passed  through 
the  interval,  the  company  will  face  about ;  the  captain 
will  place  himself  in  his  interval  in  the  rear  rank,  now 
become  the  front,  and  the  covering  sergeant  will  cover 
him  in  the  front  rank,  now  become  the  rear. 

§  227.  Faced  by  the  rear  rank,  the  diflferent  firingjs 
will  be  executed  in  the  manner  already  prescribed.  The 
fire  by  file  will  commence  on  the  left  of  the  company, 
now  become  the  right ;  and  in  the  fire  by  rank,  the 
firing  will  commence  with  the  front  rank,  now  become 
the  rear. 

To  resume  the  proper  front,  the  instructor  will  com- 
mand: 

1.  Face  by  the  front  rank.    2.  Company. 
3.  ABOUT-FACE. 

§  228.  At  the  first  command,  the  captain,  covering 
sergeant  and  file  closers,  will  conform  to  what  is  pre- 
scribed in  §§  225  and  226.  At  the  third  command,  the 
company  having  faced  about,  the  captain  and  covering 
sergeant  will  resume  their  places  in  line. 

4 


50  THE   COMPANY. 

To  advance  in  line  of  battle. 

^  229.  The  company  being  in  line  and  correctly 
aligned,  to  march  it  by  the  front,  the  instructor  will 
cause  a  sergeant  to  take  position  six  paces  in  advance 
of  the  captain.  This  advanced  sergeant,  who  is  charged 
with  the  direction,  will  take  two  points  on  the  ground 
in  the  straight  line  to  the  front  to  direct  his  course. 
The  instructor  will  then  command  : 

1.  Company,  forward.    2.  MARCH. 

§  230.  At  the  command  march,  the  company  will  step 
off  with  life.  The  directing  sergeant  will  observe,  with 
the  greatest  precision,  the  length  and  cadence  of  the 
step,  marching  on  the  two  points  he  has  chosen  ;  he 
will  take  in  succession,  and  a  little  before  arriving  at 
the  point  nearest  to  him,  new  points  in  advance,  exactly 
in  the  same  line  with  the  first  two,  and  at  the  distance 
of  some  fifteen  or  twenty  paces  from  each  other.  The 
captain  will  march  steadily  in  the  traces  of  the  directing 
sergeant,  keeping  always  six  paces  from  him.  The  men 
will  march  with  the  head  direct  to  the  front,  touch 
lightly  the  elbow  towards  the  captain,  and  resist  pres- 
sure coming  from  the  opposite  side.  The  file  closers 
will  march  at  the  habitual  distance  of  two  paces  behind 
the  rear  rank. 

If  the  men  lose  the  step,  the  instructor  will  command  : 

To  the-STEP. 

§  231.  At  this,  the  men  will  glance  towards  the  direct- 
ing sergeant,  retake  the  step  from  him,  and  again  direct 
their  eyes  to  the  front. 

The  instructor,  wishing  to  halt  the  company,  wil' 
command : 

1.  Company.    2.  HALT. 

?  232.  At  the  second  command,  the  company  will 
halt.     The  directing  sergeant  will  remain  in  advance. 


THE   COMPANY.  51 

unless  ordered  to  return  to  the  line  of  file  closers.  The 
captain  will  then  rectify  the  alignment,  hy  the  com- 
mands and  according  to  the  principles  prescribed,  §  23. 

To  march  in  retreat. 
^  233.  The  company  being  halted  and  correctly  aligned, 
to  cause  it  to  march  in  retreat,  the  instructor  will  place 
the  directing  sergeant  six  paces  in  rear  of  the  line  of  file 
closers  and  in  the  same  straight  line  with  the  covering 
sergeant,  and  will  then  command  : 

1.  Company.     2.  ABOUT-FACE. 

The  company  and  directing  officer  having  faced  to  the 
rear,  the  instructor  will  command  : 

3.  Company,  forward. 

^  234.  At  tbis  command,  the  covering  sergeant  will 
step  into  the  line  of  file  closers,  opposite  to  his  interval, 
and  the  captain  will  place  himself  in  the  rear  rank,  now 
become  the  front. 

This  being  done,  the  instructor  will  command : 

4.  MARCH. 

§  235.  At  this,  the  directing  sergeant,  the  captain  and 
the  men,  will  conform  themselves  to  what  is  prescribed, 
^230. 

To  halt  the  company  and  face  it  to  the  front,  the  in- 
structor will  command : 

1.  Company,  halt.    2.  ABOUT-FACE. 

^  236.  As  soon  as  the  company  is  faced  to  the  front, 
the  captain,  covering  sergeant,  and  directing  sergeant, 
will  resume  their  places  in  line. 

Obhque  march  in  line  of  battle. 
The  company  being  in  the  direct  march,  either  ad- 
vancing or  retiring  in  line,  to  cause  it  to  march  ob- 
liquely, the  instructor  will  oommand  : 

1.  Right  Cor  left)  oblique.    2.  MARCH. 


52  THE   COMPANY. 

§  237.  At  the  command  march,  the  company  will  take 
the  oblique  step,  and  execute  the  movement  as  pre- 
scribed, ^  27. 

g  238.  In  the  oblique  march  the  men  not  having  the 
touch  of  elbows,  the  guide  will  always  be  on  the  side 
towards  which  the  oblique  is  made,  without  any  indica- 
tion to  that  effect  being  given,  and  when  the  direct 
march  is  resumed,  the  guide  will  be,  equally  without 
indication,  on  the  side  where  it  was  previous  to  the 
oblique. 

To  resume  the  direct  march,  the  instructor  will  com- 
mand : 

1.  Forward.    2.  MARCH. 

§  239.  At  the  command  march  the  company  will  take 
the  direct  step. 

§  240.  The  company  should  now  be  caused  to  execute 
the  following  commands  according  to  the  principles 
prescribed  in  the  squad  drill: 


Mark  time. 

2. 

MARCH. 

Forward. 

2. 

MARCH. 

Common  time. 

2. 

MARCH. 

Double  quick. 

2. 

MARCH. 

Quick  time. 

2. 

MARCH. 

Change  step. 

2. 

MARCH. 

Right  about. 

2. 

MARCH. 

Right  about. 

2. 

HAT.T. 

§  241.  The  company  when  marching  in  double  quick 
time  should  be  caused  to  bring  their  pieces  to  right 
shoulder  shift  arms,  and  the  distance  between  the  ranks 
should  be  twenty-six  inches.  When  the  pieces  are 
carried  on  the  right  shoulder,  in  quick  time,  the  dis- 
tance between  the  ranks  should  be  sixteen  inches. 

§  242.  Whenever  tlie  company  is  halted,  the  men  will 
brini  their  pieces  at  once  to  a  shoulder  at  the  command, 


THE   COMPANY.  53' 

halt ;  and  the  rear  rank  will  close  to  its  proper  distance 
of  thirteen  inches. 
These  rules  are  general. 

To  march  by  the  right  flank. 

The  company  being  in  line,  at  a  halt,  and  each  rank 
having  counted  off  by  twos,  the  instructor  will  command : 

1.  Company,  right-FACE.   2.  Forward-MARCH. 

§  243.  At  the  first  command,  the  company  will  face 
to  the  right,  the  covering  sergeant  will  place  himself  at 
the  head  of  the  front  rank,  the  captain  having  stepped 
out  for  the  purpose,  so  far  as  to  find  himselt  by  the  side 
of  the  sergeant,  and  on  his  left ;  the  front  rank  will 
double  as  is  prescribed,  |  39 :  the  rear  rank  will,  at  the 
same  time,  side  step  to  the  right  one  pace,  and  double 
in  the  same  manner,  so  that  when  the  movement  is 
completed,  the  files  will  be  formed  of  four  men  aligned, 
and  elbow  to  elbow.  The  intervals  will  be  preserved. 
The  file  closers  will  also  move  by  side  step  to  the  right, 
so  that  when  the  ranks  are  formed,  they  will  be  two 
paces  from  the  remotest  rank. 

§  244.  At  the  command  march,  the  company  will 
move  off  briskly  in  quick  time  ;  the  covering  sergeant 
at  the  head  of  the  front  rank,  and  the  captain  on  his 
left,  will  march  straight  forward.  The  men  of  each  file 
will  march  abreast  of  their  respective  front  rank  men, 
heads  direct  to  the  front ;  the  file  closers  will  march 
opposite  to  their  places  in  line  of  battle. 

To  cause  the  march  by  the  left  flank,  the  company 
being  in  line  and  at  a  halt,  the  command  is  : 
1.  Company,  left-FACE.     2.  Forward-MARCH. 

g  245.  At  the  first  command,  the  company  will  face 
to  the  left ;  the  ranks  will  double  as  prescribed,  g  41  ;* 

*  If  the  instructor  wish  the  company  to  face  to  the 
right  or  left,  without  doubling  files,  he  must  caution 
them  to  that  effect.  The  above  commands  might  be 
varied  thus  :    Company,  two  ranks,  r)(jht  (or   /^/)')-face. 


54  THE   COMPANY. 

the  rear  rank  will  side  step  to  the  left  one  pace  before 
doubling.  The  left  guide  will  place  himself  at  the  head 
of  the  front  rank ;  the  captain  will  pass  rapidly  to  the 
left,  and  place  himself  by  the  right  side  of  this  guide  ; 
the  covering  sergeant  will  replace  the  captain  in  the 
front  rank,  the  moment  the  latter  quits  it  to  go  to  the 
left.  At  the  command  mai-ch,  the  company  will  move 
off  in  quick  time. 

To  halt  the  company  marching  by  the  flank  and  to 
face  it  to  the  front,  the  instructor  will  command : 

1.  Company.    2.  HALT.    3.  FRONT. 

§  246.  The  second  and  third  commands  will  be  esie- 
cuted  as  prescribed,  §§42  and  43.  As  soon  as  the  files 
have  undoubled,  the  rear  rank  will  close  to  its  proper 
distance.  The  captain  and  covering  sergeant,  as  well 
as  the  left  guide,  if  the  march  be  by  the  left  flank,  will 
return  to  their  habitual  places  in  line  at  the  instant  the 
company  faces  to  the  front.  The  captain  will  rectify 
the  alignment. 

The  company  being  faced  by  the  flank  and  either  in 
march,  or  at  a  halt,  to  cause  it  to  change  direction  by 
file,  the  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  By  file  left  (or  right;.    2.  MARCH. 

§  247.  At  the  command  march,  the  first  file  will 
wheel ;  if  to  the  side  of  the  front  rank  man,  the  latter 
will  take  care  not  to  turn  at  once,  but  to  describe  a 
short  arc  of  a  circle,  shortening  a  little  the  first  five  or 
six  steps,  in  order  to  give  time  to  the  fourth  man  of 
this  file  to  conform  himself  to  the  movement.  If 
to  the  side  of  the  rear  rank,  the  front  rank  man  will 
ivheel  in  the  step  of  twenty-eight  inches,  and  the  fourth 
man  will  conform  himself  to  the  movement  by  describ- 
ing the  short  arc  of  a  circle  as  has  been  explained. 
Each  file  will  come  to  wheel  on  the  same  ground  where 
that  which  preceded  it  wheeled. 


THE   COMPANY.  55 

The  company  "being  in  march  by  the  right  flank  to 
form  it  on  the  right  by  file  into  line  of  battle,  the  in- 
structor will  command  : 

1.  On  the  right,  by  file  into  line.    2.  MARCH. 

§  248.  At  the  command  march,  the  rear  rank  men, 
doubled,  will  mark  time ;  the  captain  and  the  covering 
sergeant  will  turn  to  the  right,  march  straight  forward, 
and  be  halted  by  the  instructor  when  they  shall  have 
passed  at  least  six  p  ices  beyond  the  rank  of  file  closers  ; 
the  captain  will  place  himself  correctly  on  the  line  of 
battle,  and  will  direct  the  alignment,  as  the  men  of  the 
front  rank  successively  arrive  ;  the  covering  sergeant 
will  place  himself  behind  the  captain  at  the  distance  of 
the  rear  rank.  The  two  men  on  the  right  of  the  ffont 
rank  doubled,  will  continue  to  march,  and  jiassing  be- 
yond the  covering  sergeant  and  the  captain,  will  turn 
to  the  right ;  after  turning,  they  will  continue  to  march 
elbow  to  elbow,  and  direct  themselves  towards  the  line 
of  battle,  but  when  they  shall  arrive  at  two  paces  from 
this  line,  the  even  number  will  shorten  the  step  so 
that  the  odd  number  may  precede  him  on  the  line,  the 
odd  number  placing  himself  by  the  side  and  on  the  left 
of  the  captain  ;  the  even  number  will  afterwards  ob- 
lique to  the  left,  and  place  himself  on  the  left  of  the 
odd  number.  The  next  two  men  of  the  front  rank 
doubled,  will  pass  in  the  same  manner  behind  the  two 
first,  turn  then  to  the  right  and  place  themselves,  ac- 
cording to  the  means  just  explained,  to  the  left,  and  by 
the  side  of,  the  two  men  already  established  on  the 
line  ;  the  remaining  files  of  this  rank  will  follow  in  suc- 
cession and  be  formed  to  the  left  in  the  same  manner. 
The  rear  rank  doubled  will  execute  the  movement  in 
the  manner  already  explained  for  the  front  rank,  taking 
care  to  mark  time  until  four  men  of  the  front  rank  are 
established  ou  the  line  of  battle,  and  as  they  arrive  on 
the  line,  to  cjver  accuratoly  their  file  le^-lers. 


56  THE    COMPANY. 

If  the  company  be  marching  by  the  left  flank,  to 
cause  it  to  form  by  file  ou  the  left  into  line  of  battle, 
the  command  is  : 

1.  On  the  left,  by  file  into  line.    2.  MARCH. 

§  249.  At  the  command  march,  the  same  movements 
will  be  made  to  the  left ;  the  files  coming  into  line  on 
the  right  of  the  captain,  and  left  guide,  and  the  odd 
numbers  shortening  the  step,  so  that  the  even  numbers 
may  precede  them  on  the  line.  The  captain  and  left 
guide  will  return  to  their  places  in  line  of  battle  as  soon 
as  the  company  is  formed  and  aligned. 

If  the  company  be  marching  by  the  right  flank,  and 
the  instructor  should  wish  to  undouble  the  files,  he  will 
command : 
1.  In  two  ranks,  undouble  files.    2.  MAE-CH. 

§  250.  At  the  command  march,  the  odd  numbers  will 
continue  to  march  straight  forward,  the  even  numbers 
will  shorten  the  step,  and  obliquing  to  the  left  will 
place  themselves  promptly  behind  the  odd  numbers  ; 
the  rear  rank  men  will  gain  a  step  to  the  left,  and  re- 
take the  touch  of  elbows. 

g  251.  If  the  company  be  marching  by  the  left  flank, 
it  will  be  the  even  numbers  who  will  continue  to  march 
forward,  and  the  odd  numbers  who  will  undouble. 

To  cause  the  files  to  be  doubled,  the  command  is  : 

1.  In  four  ranks,  double  files.    2.  MARCH. 

I  252.  At  the  command  march,  the  files  will  double 
in  the  manner  as  explained,  when  the  company  faces 
by  the  right  or  left  flank. 

Posts  of  Ofiacers  in  Column. 

^  253.  In  column  by  company,  the  captain  is  two  paces 
in  front  of  the  centre  of  his  company ;  the  first  sergeant 
on  the  right  of  the  front  rank,  and  is  the  right  guide  of 
the  company  ;  the  second  sergeant  on  the  left  of  the 
front  rank,  and  is  the  left  guide  of  the  company. 


THE    COMPANY.  57 

§  254.  In  column  by  platoon,  the  captaiu  comm  mds  the 
first  platoon,  the  first  lieutenant  the  second  platoon  : 
each  two  paces  in  front  of  the  centre  of  his  platoon ; 
the  first  sergeant  is  the  guide  of  the  first  platoon  .  the 
second  sergeant  is  the  guide  of  the  second  platoon  : 
they  will  be,  unless  otherwise  ordered,  on  the  left  of 
the  front  rank  of  their  respective  platoons,  if  the 
column  to  he  right  in  front,  and  on  the  right,  if  the  left 
be  in  front.  In  the  route  step,  the  chiefs  of  platoons 
take  the  place  of  the  guides  on  the  directing  fiank,  and 
are  covered  by  the  latter  in  the  rear  rank. 

§  255.  In  column  by  section,  the  captain  commands  the 
first  section  :  the  first  lieutenant  the  third  ;  the  second 
lieutenant  the  second;  and  the  third  lieutenant  the 
fourth  section  ;  eacii  two  paces  in  front  of  the  centre 
of  his  section :  the  first  sergeant  is  the  guide  of  the 
first  section,  the  second  sergeant  is  the  guide  of  the 
fourth ;  the  third  sergeant  is  guide  of  the  third  ;  and 
the  fourth  sergeant  is  guide  of  the  second  section ; 
each  on  the  left  of  the  front  rank  of  his  section,  if  the 
column  be  right  in  front,  and  on  the  right,  if  the  left 
be  in  front.  In  the  route  step,  the  chiefs  of  sections  take 
the  place  of  the  guides  on  the  directing  flank,  and  are 
covered  by  the  latter  in  the  rear  rank. 

^  256.  In  column  by  company,  platoon  or  section,  the 
file  closers,  not  otherwise  previded  for,  are  in  their 
proper  places  behind  the  rear  rank  of  their  respective 
subdivisions. 

Movements  in  Column. 

The  company  being  in  march  by  the  right  flank,  the 
instructor,  wishing  to  form  it  into  line,  as  a  subdivision 
of  column,  will  command  : 

1.   By  company,  into  line.    2.  MARCH. 

I  257.  At  the  command  march,  the  covering  sergeant 
will  continue  to  march  straightforward;  th  '  men  will 


58  TUE    COMPANY. 

advance  the  right  shoulder,  take  tlie  double  quick  step, 
and  move  into  line,  by  the  shortest  route,  taking  care 
to  undouble  the  files,  and  to  come  on  the  line  one  after 
another.  As  the  front  rank  men  successively  arrive  in 
line  with  the  covering  sergeant,  they  will  take  the  step 
from  him,  and  then  turn  their  eyes  to  the  front.  The 
rear  rank  will  conform  to  the  movements  of  their  re- 
spective file  leaders.  The  captain,  as  soon  as  the  com- 
pany is  formed  will  command  guide  left,  place  himself 
before  the  centre,  face  to  the  front  and  take  the  step  of 
the  company.  At  the  command  guide  left,  the  second 
sergeant  will  promptly  place  himself  in  the  front  rank, 
on  the  left,  to  serve  as  guide. 

?  258.  The  company  being  in  march  by  the  left  flank, 
this  movement  will  be  executed  by  the  same  commands, 
and  according  to  the  same  principles  ;  the  company 
being  formed,  the  captain  will  command  guide  right; 
the  covering  sergeant  on  the  right  of  the  front  rank 
will  serve  as  guide,  and  the  second  sergeant,  placed  on 
the  left  flank,  will  remain  there. 

The  company  marching  by  the  flank,  the  instructor 
will  cause  it  to  form  platoons  by  the  command : 

1.  By  platoon,  into  line.    2.  MARCH. 

?  259.  This  movement  will  be  executed  by  each  pla 
toon  according  to  the  above  principles.  Both  the  cap 
tain  and  lieutenant,  at  the  instant  their  respective  pla- 
toons are  formed,  will  command  guide  left,  (or  right) : 
when  the  guide  of  each  platoon  will  pass  rapidly  to  the 
indicated  flank  of  the  platoon,  if  not  already  there. 

If  the  instructor  wish  to  exercise  the  company  in 
passing  from  the  march  by  the  front  to  the  march  by 
the  flank,  or  from  the  march  by  the  flank  to  the  march 
by  the  front,  in  either  case,  he  will  employ  the  com- 
mand : 

1.   Company  by  the  right  (or  left)   fiank.    2. 
MARCH. 


THE  COMPANY.  59 

§  260.  The  company  will  face  to  the  right  or  left,  in 
marching,  in  the  manner  prescrihed  in  ^  45,  and  the 
captain,  the  guides  and  file  closers,  will  conform  them- 
selves to  what  is  prescribed  for  each  in  the  march  by 
the  flank,  or  in  the  march  by  the  front  of  a  company 
supposed  to  be  a  subdivision  of  a  column.  If,  after 
facing  to  the  right  or  left  in  marching,  the  company 
find  itself  faced  by  the  rear  rank,  the  captain  will  place 
himself  two  paces  behind  the  centre  of  the  front  rank, 
now  in  the  rear,  the  guides  will  pass  to  the  rear  rank, 
now  leading,  and  the  file  closers  will  march  in  front  of 
this  rank. 

If  the  company  be  marching  in  column  by  platoon, 
the  right  in  front,  and  the  instructor  should  wish  it  to 
march  by  the  flank  in  the  same  direction,  he  will  com- 
mand : 

1.  Column,  by  the  right  flank.    2.  By  file  left. 
3.  MARCH. 

^  261.  At  the  second  command,  each  chief  of  platoon 
and  its  guide  will  pass  rapidly  to  the  right  flank  to  con- 
duct it.  At  the  command  march,  each  platoon  will  face 
to  the  right  in  marching,  wheel  by  file  to  the  left  and 
then  march  straight  forward  ;  the  leading  file  of  the 
second  platoon  will  unite  with  the  rear  file  of  the  first  ; 
the  chief  and  guide  of  the  second,  a  pace  before  the 
union,  will  pass  through  the  interval  to  their  places  as 
file  closers. 

§  262.  With  the  left  in  front,  the  movement  will  be 
executed  by  inverse  means,  substituting  in  the  com- 
mand left  for  riqht,  and  right  for  left.  The  captain,  (if 
a  halt  be  not  immediately  commanded,)  will  replace 
the  first  lieutenant  and  conduct  the  left  flank,  and  the 
covering  sergeant  will  return  to  his  place  on  the  right 
flank,  now  the  rear. 

The  company  being  at   a  halt   in   line   of  battle,  the 


60  THE   CCMPANY. 

instructor,  wishing  it  to  break  into  column,  hy  platoon 
to  tlie  right,  will  command: 

1.  By  platoon,  right-wheel.    2.  MARCH. 

§  263.  At  the  first  command  the  chiefs  of  platoon  will 
rapidly  place  tliemselves  two  paces  before  the  centres  of 
their  respective  platoons,  the  lieutenant  passing  around 
the  left  of  the  company,  (and  caution  them  as  to  the 
rules  for  wheeling  from  a  halt.)  The  covering  sergeant 
will  replace  the  captain  in  the  front  rank.  At  the  com- 
mand march,  the  right  front  rank  man  of  each  platoon 
will  face  to  the  right,  the  covering  sergeant  standing 
fast ;  the  chief  of  each  platoon  will  move  quickly  by  the 
shortest  line,  a  little  beyond  the  point  at  which  the 
marching  flank  will  rest  when  the  wheel  shall  be  com- 
pleted, face  to  the  late  rear,  and  place  himself  so  that 
the  line  which  he  forms  with  the  man  on  tlie  right  (who 
has  faced)  shall  be  perpendicular  to  that  occupied  by 
tke  company  in  line  of  battle  ;  each  platoon  will  wheel 
according  to  the  principles  prescribed  §  55,  and  when 
the  man  who  conducts  the  marching  flank  shall  ap- 
proach within  three  paces  of  the  perpendicular,  its  chief 
will  command.  Platoon,  Halt.  At  this  command,  the 
platoon  will  halt ;  the  covering  sergeant  will  move  to 
the  point  where  the  left  of  the  platoon  is  to  rest,  passing 
by  the  front  rank  ;  the  second  sergeant  will  place  him- 
self in  like  manner,  in  respect  to  the  second  platoon. 
Each  will  leave,  between  himself  and  the  man  on  the 
right  of  his  platoon,  a  space  equal  to  its  front ;  each 
chief  being  assured  that  the  guide  of  his  platoon  is  thus 
established  on  the  perpendicular,  will  step  back  two 
paces,  and  command,  Left-BREsa.  The  alignment  being 
ended,  each  chief  will  command  Front,  and  place  him- 
self before  the  centre  of  his  platoon. 

§  264.  The  company  will  break  by  platoon  to  the  left 


THE   COMPANY.  61 

according  to  tlie  same  principles,  and  by  inverse  means. 
The  commands  jtre  : 

1.  By  platoon  left  wheel,    2.  MARCH.    3.  Pla- 
toon.   4.  HALT.    5.  Right-DRESS.    6.  FRONT. 
To  march  in  column. 

The  company  having  broken  by  platoon,  right  (or 
left),  in  front,  if  the  instructor  wish  the  column  to 
march,  he  will  command  : 

1.  Column,  forward.    2.  Guide  left  (or  right). 
3.  MARCH. 

§  265.  At  the  command  march,  promptly  repeated  by 
the  chiefs  of  platoon,  the  whole  will  step  off  together. 
The  men  will  each  feel  lightly  the  elbow  of  his  neighbor 
towards  the  guide,  and  conform  himself  in  marching  to 
the  principles  presci-ibed  in  the  squad  drill.  The  man 
next  to  the  guide  in  each  platoon  will  take  care  never 
to  pass  him,  and  also  to  march  about  six  inches  to  the 
right  (or  left)  from  him.  The  leading  guide  will  observe 
with  precision,  the  length  and  cadence  of  the  step,  and 
maintain  the  direction  of  his  march  by  the  means  pre- 
scribed I  230.  The  guide  of  the  following  platoon  will 
march  exactly  in  the  trace  of  the  leading  one,  preserv- 
ing between  the  latter  and  himself  a  distance  precisely 
equal  to  the  front  of  his  platoon,  and  marching  in  the 
same  step  with  the  leading  guide. 

§  266.  If  the  company  be  broken  into  column  by  section 
it  will  bo  put  in  march  by  the  same  commands  and  ac- 
cording to  the  same  principles. 

To  change  direction  of  the  column. 

§  267.  Change  of  direction  while  marching  will  be 
executed  as  a  general  rule,  by  wheeling.  Whenever, 
therefore,  the  direction  of  the  column  is  to  be  changed, 
the  instructor  will  change  the  guide,  if  not  already 
there,  to  the  flank  opposite  to  the  side,  to  which  the 
change  is  to  i  e  made 


62  THE   COMPANY. 

§  208.  The  column  being  in  marcli  >,'iglit  in  front,  if 
the  instructor  wish  to  change  direction  to  the  left,  he 
will  send  a  marker  to  the  point  at  which  tlie  change  is 
to  be  made,  wlio  will  place  liimself  on  tbe  direction  of 
the  guides,  so  as  to  present  the  breast  to  tbat  flank  of 
the  column.  He  will  then  command,  Guide-RiGRT,  and 
direct  the  cliief  of  tlie  first  platoon  to  lead  the  head  of 
column  to  the  left.  When  the  leading  guide  shall  have 
approached  within  four  paces  of  the  marker  (or  wheeling 
point),  the  chief  of  the  first  platoon  will  command  : 
1.  Left  Wheel. 

At  the  instant  the  guide  shall  have  arrived  opposite 
the  marker  (or  wheeling  point),  the  chief  of  the  platoon 
will  command  : 

2.  MARCH. 

At  this,  the  platoon  will  wheel  to  the  left.  The  wheel 
being  nearly  finished,  the  chief  of  the  platoon  will  com- 
mand : 

3.  Forward. 

And  when  completely  finished,  he  will  command ; 

4.  MARCH. 

At  which  the  platoon  will  march  straight  forward  in 
the  new  direction  ;  when  the  cliief  will  immediately 
command : 

5.  Guide-LEFT. 

At  this,  the  guide  will  shift  to  the  left,  passing  in 
front  of  the  platoon  and  in  rear  of  its  chief. 

g  269.  The  second  platoon  will  continue  to  march 
straight  forward  till  up  with  the  marker,  when  it  will 
wheel  to  the  left,  and  retake  the  direct  march  by  the 
same  commands  and  the  same  means  which  governed 
the  first  platoon. 

§  270.  The  column  being  in  march  right  in  front,  the 
change  of  direction  to  the  right  by  wheeling  will  be 


THE   COMPANY.  C3 

executed  according  to  tlie  same  principles  but  by  inverse 
means. 

§  271.  The  changes  of  direction  in  a  column,  left  in 
front,  will  be  executed,  according  to  the  same  principles. 

To  halt  the  column,  and  to  form  to  the  right  or 
left  into  line,  either  at  a  halt  or  on  the  march. 

The  column  being  in  march,  right  in  front,  to  halt  it, 
the  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Column.    2.  HALT. 

§  272.  At  the  second  command,  promptly  repeated  by 
the  chiefs  of  platoon,  the  column  will  halt ;  the  guides 
also  will  stand  fast,  although  they  may  have  lost  both 
distance  and  direction. 

The  instructor  wishing  to  form  it  into  line,  will  place 
himself  at  platoon  distance  in  front  of  the  leading  guide, 
face  to  him  and  rectify,  if  necessary,  the  position  of  the 
guide  beyond  ;  which  being  executed,  he  will  command  : 

Left-DRESS. 

§  273.  At  this  command,  which  will  not  be  repeated 
by  the  chiefs  of  platoon,  each  of  them  will  place  himself 
briskly  two  paces  outside  of  his  guide,  and  direct  the 
alignment  of  the  platoon  perpendicularly  to  the  direction 
of  the  column.  Each  chief,  having  aligned  his  platoon, 
will  command  Fkont,  and  return  quickly  to  his  place  in 
column.     The  instructor  will  then  command  : 

1.  Left  into  line,  wheel.    2.  MARCH. 

§  274.  At  the  command  march,  briskly  repeated  by 
the  chiefs  of  platoon,  the  front  rank  man  on  the  left  of 
each  platoon  will  face  to  the  left,  and  place  his  breast 
lightly  against  the  arm  of  the  guide  by  his  side,  who 
stands  fast ;  the  platoons  will  wheel  to  the  left  on  the 
principle  of  wheels  from  a  halt.  Each  chief  will  turn  to 
his  platoon  to  observe  its  movement,  and  when  the 
marching  flank  of  his  platoon  is  three  paces  from  the 


64  THE  COMPANY. 

line,  lie  will  commaud :  1.  Platoon.  2.  Halt.  The  chief 
of  the  second  platoon  having  halted  it,  will  immediately 
return  to  his  place  as  a  file  closer,  passing  around  the 
left.  The  captain  will  then  move  rapidly  to  the  point 
at  which  the  right  of  the  company  will  rest  in  line  of 
battle  and  command:  Right-DiiEss.  At  this  command 
the  two  platoons  will  dress  up  on  the  alignment.  The 
company  being  aligned,  the  captain  will  command : 
Front  ;  and  the  instructor,  seeing  the  company  in  line 
of  battle   will  command  : 

Guides-POSTS. 

At  this,  the  covering  sergeant  will  cover  the  captain 
and  the  left  guide  will  return  to  his  place  as  a  file 
closer. 

^  275.  If  the  left  be  in  front,  the  company  will  be 
formed  to  the  right  into  line,  upon  the  same  principles 
and  by  inverse  means.  The  instructor  will  command  : 
1.  Right  into  1 1716,  wheel.  2.  March.  The  captain,  having 
halted  the  first  platoon,  will  go  to  the  point,  at  which 
the  left  of  the  company  will  rest  in  line,  and  give  the 
command:  Left-BREsa :  seeing  both  platoons  aligned, 
he  will  add  Front  ;  and  at  the  command,  Guides-Vosrs, 
given  by  the  instructor,  the  captain  will  promptly  shift 
to  the  right  of  the  company. 

g  276.  If  the  column  be  marching  right  in  front,  to 
form  it  into  line  without  halting  the  column,  the  in- 
structor will  give  the  commands  prescribed  §  273.  At 
the  command  march,  briskly  repeated  by  the  chiefs  of 
platoon,  the  left  guides  will  halt  short,  the  instructor, 
the  chiefs  of  platoon  and  the  platoons,  will  conform  to 
what  is  prescribed,  g  274. 

^  277.  If  the  column  be  in  march  left  in  front,  this 
formation  will  be  made,  according  to  the  same  princi- 
ples and  by  inverse  means. 

^  278.  If  the  column  be  marching  riglit  in  front,  to 


THE   COMPANY.  65 

form  it  into  line  without  halting,  and  to  marcli  tlie  com- 
pany in  line  to  tlie  front,  the  command  is  : 

1.  By  platoons,  left  wheel.    2.  MARCH. 

At  the  command  march,  hrisklj  repeated  by  the  chiefs 
of  platoon,  the  left  guides  will  halt :  the  man  next  to 
the  left  guide  in  each  platoon  will  mark  time  ;  the  pla- 
toons will  wheel  to  the  left,  conforming  to  the  princi- 
ples of  the  wheel  on  a  fixed  pivot.  When  the  right  of 
the  platoons  shall  arrive  near  the  line  of  battle,  the  in- 
structor will  command : 

3.  Forward.  4.  MARCH.  5.  Guide  right  (or  left). 

At  the  fourth  command,  given  at  the  instant  the 
wheel  is  completed,  the  company  will  move  off  together: 
the  captain,  the  chief  of  the  second  platoon,  the  cover- 
ing sergeant,  and  the  left  guide  will  take  their  positions 
as  in  line  of  battle.  At  the  fifth  command,  to  be  given 
immediately  after  the  fourth,  the  captain  and  covering 
sergeant,  if  not  already  there,  will  move  briskly  to  the 
side  on  which  the  guide  is  designated. 

§  279.  The  same  principles  are  applicable  to  a  column 
left  in  front. 

To  break  the  company  into  platoons. 

The  company  marching  right  in  front  and  supposed 
to  make  part  of  a  column,  to  cause  it  to  break  by  pla- 
toon, the  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Break  into  Platoons.    2.  MARCH. 

§  280.  At  the  first  command,  the  captain  will  place 
himself  before  the  centre  of  the  first  platoon,  and  give 
the  caution  :  1.  First  platoon,  2.  Forward;  the  first  lieu- 
tenant will  pass  quickly  around  the  left  to  the  centre 
of  his  platoon,  and  give  the  caution:  1.  Second  platoon^ 
2.  Mark  time.  At  the  command  march,  promptly  re- 
peated by  the  captain  and  first  lieutenant,  the  first  pla- 
toon will  continue  to  march  straight  forward  — the  cover- 
5 


6C  riTE  coMrANY. 

ing  sergeant,  as  soon  as  the  flank  is  disengaged,  will 
shift  to  the  left  flank  of  this  platoon,  the  second  platoon 
will  begin  to  mark  time,  and  its  chief  will  imnu'diately 
add:  '[.  Riijht  oblique.  2,  Makcii.  The  last  command 
will  be  given  so  that  this  platoon  may  commence  ob- 
liquing the  instant  the  rear  rank  of  the  first  platoon 
shall  have  passed.  The  guide  of  the  second  platoon 
being  near  the  direction  of  the  guide  of  the  first,  the 
chief  of  the  second  will  command  :  1.  Forward,  and  add, 
2.  Makch,  the  instant  that  the  guide  of  his  platoon  shall 
cover  the  guide  of  the  first. 

§  281.  In  a  column,  left  in  front,  the  company  will 
break  into  platoons  by  inverse  means,  applying  to  the 
first  platoon  all  that  has  been  prescribed  for  the  second, 
and  reciprocally.  In  this  case,  the  left  guide  of  the 
company  will  shift  to  the  right  flank  of  the  second  pla- 
toon, and  the  covering  sergeant  will  remain  on  the  right 
of  the  first.  • 

To  re-form  the  company. 

The  column,  by  platoon,  being  in  march,  right  in 
front,  to  form  company,  the  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Form  company.    2.  MARCH. 

§  282.  At  the  first  command,  the  captain  will  give  the 
caution  :  1.  First  platoon,  2.  Right  oblique;  the  first  lieu- 
tenant will  give  the  caution  :  1.  Second  platoon,  2.  For- 
ward. At  the  command  march,  promptly  repeated  by 
the  captain  and  first  lieutenant,  the  first  platoon  will 
oblique  to  the  right  in  order  to  unmask  the  second — 
the  covering  sergeant  will  return  to  the  right  of  the 
company — and  the  second  will  continue  to  march 
Straight  forward.  Wlien  the  first  platoon  shall  have 
nearly  unmasked  the  second,  the  captain  will  command: 
1.  Mark  time,  and  at  the  instant  the  unmasking  shall 
he  complete,  he  will  add:  2.  March.  The  second  pla- 
toon having  continued  to  march  straight  forward,  when 


THE   COMPANY.  CT 

it  shall  be  nearly  up  with  the  first,  the  captain  will 
command  :  3.  Compani/,  4.  Forward  and  at  the  instant 
the  two  platoons  shall  unite,  add  :  5.  March  ;  the  first 
platoon  will  then  cease  to  mark  time,  the  whole  com- 
pany will  march  off  together,  and  the  chief  of  the  second 
platoon  will  pass  quickly  around  the  left  to  his  place  in 
the  rear  of  the  company. 

§  283.  In  a  column  left  in  front,  the  same  movement 
will  be  executed  by  inverse  means.  The  guide  of  the 
second  platoon,  on  its  right,  will  pass  to  its  left  flank, 
the  moment  the  platoon  begins  to  oblique  ;  the  guide 
of  the  first  remaining  on  the  right  flank  of  his  platoon. 

§  284.  The  company  marching  in  column  by  platoon, 
right  (or  left)  in  front,  may  be  broken  into  sections,  and 
re-formed  into  platoons,  according  to  the  same  princi- 
ples. 

To  break  files  to  the  rear,  and  to  cause  them  to 
re-enter  into  line. 

The  company  being  in  march  and  constituting  part  of 
a  column,  right  in  front,  to  cause  flies  to  break  off  from 
the  left,  the  instructor  will  command : 

1.  Two  files  from  left  to  rear.    2.  MARCH. 

§  285.  At  the  command  march,  the  first  two  files  on 
the  left  of  the  company  will  mark  time,  the  others  will 
continue  to  march  straight  forward ;  the  two  rear  rank 
men  of  the  files  will,  as  soon  as  the  rear  rank  of  the 
company  shall  clear  them,  move  to  the  right  by  advanc- 
ing the  outer  shoulder  ;  the  odd  number  will  place  him- 
self behind  the  third  file  from  that  flank,  the  even  num- 
ber behind  the  fourth,  passing  for  this  purpose  behind 
the  odd  number,  the  two  front  rank  men  will,  in  like 
manner,  move  to  the  right  when  the  rear  rank  of  the 
company  shall  clear  them,  the  odd  number  will  place 
himself  behind  the  first  file,  the  even  number  behind 


68  THE    COMPANY. 

tlie  second  file,  passing  for  this  purpose  beliind  the  odd 
number, 

§  286.  If  the  instructor  should  still  wish  to  break  two 
files  from  the  same  side,  he  will  give  the  same  order ; 
at  the  command  march,  the  files  already  broken,  ad- 
vancing a  little  the  outer  shoulder,  will  gain  the  space 
of  two  files  to  the  right,  shortening,  at  the  same  time, 
the  step,  in  order  to  make  room  between  themselves 
and  the  rear  rank  of  the  company  for  the  files  last 
ordered  to  the  rear  :  the  latter  will  break  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  first.  The  men  who  double  should  in- 
crease the  length  of  the  step  in  order  to  prevent  dis- 
tances from  being  lost. 

If  the  files  are  broken  from  the  right,  the  command 
will  be : 

1.  Two  files  from  right  to  rear.    2.  MARCH. 

^  287.  At  the  command  march,  the  files  will  move  to 
the  left,  advancing  the  outer  shoulder,  the  even  num- 
ber of  the  rear  rank  will  place  himself  behind  the  third 
file,  the  odd  number  of  the  same  rank  behind  the  fourth  ; 
the  even  number  of  the  front  rank  behind  the  first  file, 
the  odd  number  of  the  same  rank  behind  the  second, 
the  odd  numbers  for  this  purpose  passing  behind  the 
even  numbers. 

§  288.  When  the  front  of  the  company  is  thus  dimin- 
ished by  breaking  off  successive  groups  of  two  files, 
the  new  files  must  always  be  broken  from  the  same  side. 

If  the  instructor  wish  the  files  broken  off  to  return 
into  line,  he  will  command  : 

1.  Two  files  into  line.    2.  MARCH. 

§  289.  At  the  command  march,  the  first  two  files  of 
those  marching  by  the  flank,  will  return  briskly  into 
line,  and  the  others  will  gain  the  space  of  two  files  by 
advancing  the  inner  shoulder  towards  the  flank  to  which 
they  belong. 


THE   COMPANY.  69 

§  290.  On  tlie  same  principles  auy  number  of  files 
may  be  broken  off  together,  in  which  case  the  command 
will  be  :  Four  or  six  files  from  the  left  (or  right)  to  rear: 
March  ;  and  any  number  of  files  may  be  brought  into 
line  at  once,  by  the  command  :  Four  or  six  files  into  line  : 
Makch.  Whenever  there  is  on  the  right  or  left  of  a 
subdivision,  a  file  which  does  not  belong  to  a  group,  n 
will  be  broken  off  and  brought  into  line  singly. 

The  column  in  route. 
The  company  being  in  march,  and  supposed  to  consti- 
tute part  of  a  column,  if  the  instructor  wish  it  to  march 
in  the  route  step,  he  will  command : 

1.  Route  step.    2.  MARCH. 

§  291.  At  the  command  march,  repeated  by  the  cap- 
tain, the  front  rank  will  continue  the  step  of  twenty- 
eight  inches,  the  rear  rank  will  take,  by  gradually 
shortening  the  step,  the  distance  of  twenty-eight  inches 
from  the  front  rank  ;  the  men,  without  further  command, 
will  immediately  carry  their  arms  at  will,  as  indicated  in 
§  116.  They  will  no  longer  be  required  to  march  in  the 
cadenced  pace,  or  with  the  same  foot,  or  to  remain  silent. 

§  292.  The  company,  marching  in  the  route  step,  its 
front  may  be  diminished  by  breaking  into  platoons  or 
sections,  by  the  same  commands,  and  by  the  same 
•r-eans,  as  if  the  company  were  marching  in  the  cadenced 
step.  When  the  company  breaks  into  platoons,  the 
chief  of  each  will  move  to  the  flank  of  his  platoon,  and 
will  take  the  place  of  the  guide,  who  will  step  back  into 
the  rear  rank.  As  soon  as  the  platoons  shall  be  broken, 
each  chief  of  section  will  place  himself  on  its  directing 
flank  in  the  front  rank  ;  the  guides,  who  will  be  thus 
displaced,  will  fall  back  into  the  rear  rank  ;  the  file 
closers  will  close  up  to  within  one  pace  of  this  rank. 
The  moment  the  platoons  are  re-formed,  the  chiefs  of 
the  left  sections  will  return  to  their  places  as  file  closers. 


70  THE    COMPANY 

^  203.  The  ompany  marching  in  the  route  step,  tlie 
instructor  'will  cause  it  to  change  direction,  which  will 
be  executed  without  formal  commands,  on  a  simple 
caution  from  the  captain  ;  the  rear  rank  will  come  up 
to  change  direction  in  the  same  manner  as  the  front 
rank.  Each  rank  will  conform  itself,  although  in  the 
route  step,  to  the  principles  prescribed  for  the  change 
in  closed  ranks,  with  this  difference  only ;  that,  in 
wheeling,  the  pivot  man,  instead  of  taking  steps  of 
nine,  will  take  steps  of  fourteen  inches,  in  order  to 
clear  the  wheeling  point.  When  the  company  march- 
ing in  the  route  step  shall  halt,  the  rear  rank  will  close 
up  at  the  command  halt^  and  the  whole  will  shoulder 
arms. 

I  294.  The  company  marching  in  the  route  step,  to 
cause  it  to  pass  to  the  cadenced  step,  the  instructor  will 
order  pieces  to  be  brought  to  the  right  shoulder,  and 
then  command :  1.  Quick  time.  2.  Makch.  At  the 
command  march,  the  men  will  resume  the  cadenced  step, 
and  will  close  so  as  to  leave  a  distance  of  sixteen  inches 
between  each  rank.  The  chiefs  and  guides  of  subdivi- 
sions will  resume  their  places  in  column.^ 


*  Sometimes  it  is  desirable  to  march  the  company  in 
the  form  of  the  column  in  route,  but  in  the  cadenced 
step,  in  which  case  the  instructor  will  command :  1. 
Open  order,  2.  Makch.  At  the  command  march,  the 
rear  rank  will  take,  by  shortening  the  step,  the  dis- 
tance of  four  paces  from  the  front  rank;  each  chief  of 
platoon,  or  section,  will  move  to  the  flank  of  his  sub- 
division, and  take  the  place  of  the  guide,  who  will  step 
back  to  the  rear  rank,  as  in  the  route  step.  At  the 
commands :  1.  Close  order.  2.  March  ;  the  rear  rank 
will  close  up  and  the  chiefs  and  guides  of  subdivisions 
will  resume  their  places  in  column. 


THE   COMPANY.  71 

Countermarch. 

Tie  company  being  at  a  halt  and  supposed  to  be  part 
of  a  column,  right  in  front,  to  cause  it  to  countermarch, 
the  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Countermarch.    2.  Company,  right-FACE. 
3.  By  file  left.    4.  MARCH. 

§  295.  At  the  second  command,  the  company  will 
face  to  the  right,  the  two  guides  to  the  right  about ;  the 
captain  will  go  to  the  right  of  his  company,  and  cause 
two  files  to  break  to  the  rear,  and  then  place  himself 
by  the  side  of  the  front  rank  man  to  conduct  him.  At 
the  command  march,  both  guides  will  stand  fast ;  the 
company  will  step  off  smartly  ;  the  first  file,  conducted 
by  the  captain,  will  wheel  around  the  right  guide,  and 
direct  its  march  along  the  front  rank  so  as  to  arrive 
behind  and  two  paces  from  the  left  guide  ;  each  file  will 
come  in  succession  to  wheel  on  the  same  ground,  around 
the  right  guide  ;  the  leading  file  having  arrived  at  a 
point  opposite  to  the  left  guide,  the  captain  will  com- 
mand : 

1.  Company.    2.  HALT.    3.  FRONT,    4.  Right- 
DRESS. 

The  first  command  will  be  given  at  four  paces  from 
the  point  where  the  leading  file  is  to  rest.  The  com- 
pany will  halt  at  the  second  command,  and  at  the  third 
it  will  face  to  the  front.  After  the  fourth  command, 
the  captain  will  step  two  paces  outside  of  the  left  guide, 
now  on  the  right,  and  direct  the  alignment,  so  that  the 
front  rank  may  be  enclosed  between  the  guides  ;  the 
company  being  aligned,  he  will  command  Front,  and 
place  himself  before  the  centre  of  the  company  as  if  in 
column  ;  the  guides,  passing  along  the  front  rank,  will 
shift  to  thoM'  proper  places,  on  the  right  and  left  of  that 
rank. 


72  THE    COMPANY. 

§  296.  In  a  column  by  platoon  (or  section),  t'jie  coun- 
termarcli  will  be  executed  by  the  same  commands,  and 
according  to  the  same  principles  ;  the  guide  of  each 
platoon  (or  section)  will  face  about,  and  its  chief  will 
place  himself  by  the  side  of  the  file  on  the  right,  to 
conduct  it. 

§  297.  In  a  column  left  in  front,  the  command  will  be 
executed  by  inverse  commands  and  means,  but  accord- 
ing to  the  same  principles.  Thus,  the  movement  will 
be  made  by  the  right  flank  of  subdivisions,  if  the  right 
be  in  front,  and  by  the  left  flank,  if  the  left  be  in  front ; 
in  both  cases  the  subdivisions  will  wheel  by  file  to  tho 
side  of  the  front  rank. 

The  column  being  in  march,  to  form  on  the  right 
(or  left)  into  line  of  battle. 
The  column  by  platoon,  right  in  front,  being  in  march, 
to  form  it  on  the  right  into  line  of  battle,  the  instructor 
will  command : 

1.  On  the  right  into  line.    2.  Guide-right. 

^  298.  At  the  second  command,  the  guide  of  each 
platoon  will  shift  quickly  to  its  right  flank  ;  the  column 
will  continue  to  march  straight  forward;  the  instructor 
will  move  briskly  (or  send  a  marker)  to  the  point  at 
which  tho  right  of  the  company  ought  to  rest  in  line, 
and  place  himself  facing  the  point  of  direction  to  the 
left  which  he  will  choose.  The  head  of  the  column 
being  nearly  opj)Osite  to  the  instructor,  the  chief  of  the 
first  platoon  will  command:  1.  Right  turn;  and  when 
exactly  opposite  to  that  point,  he  will  add  j  March.  At 
this  command,  the  first  platoon  will  turn  to  the  right  in 
conformity  to  the  principles  prescribed,  §  66  ;  its  guide 
will  so  direct  his  march  as  to  bring  the  front  rank  man, 
next  on  his  left,  opposite  to  the  instructoi;  the  chief 
of  the  platoon  will  march  before  its  centre,  and  when 
its  guide  shall  be  near  the  line,  he  will  c:mmand:  1. 


THE   COMPANY.  73 

Platoon.  2.  Halt.  At  this  commaiiil,  wliicli  will  be 
given  at  the  instant  the  right  of  the  platoon  shall  arrive 
at  the  distance  of  three  paces  from  the  line  of  battle, 
the  platoon  will  halt;  the  files  not  yet  in  line  will  come 
up  promptly.  The  guide  will  throw  himself  on  the  line 
of  battle,  opposite  to  one  of  the  three  left  files  of  his 
platoon,  and  face  to  the  instructor,  who  will  align  him 
on  the  point  of  direction  to  the  left.  The  chief  of  pla- 
toon will,  as  soon  as  he  sees  all  the  files  of  the  platoon 
in  line,  command  :   Right-DRESS. 

§  299.  The  second  platoon  will  continue  to  march 
straight  forward,  until  its  guide  shall  arrive  opposite  to 
the  left  file  of  the  first;  it  will  then  turn  to  the  right 
at  the  command  of  its  chief  and  march  towards  the  line 
of  battle,  its  guide  directing  himself  on  the  left  file  of 
first  platoon.  The  guide  having  arrived  at  the  distance 
of  three  paces  from  the  line  of  battle,  this  platoon  will 
be  halted,  as  prescribed  for  the  first ;  at  the  instant  it 
halts,  its  guide  will  spring  on  the  line  of  battle,  oppo- 
site to  one  of  the  three  left  files  of  his  platoon,  and  will 
be  assured  in  his  position  by  the  instructor.  The  chief 
of  the  second  platoon,  seeing  all  its  files  in  line,  and 
its  guide  established  on  the  direction,  will  command : 
Eight- Dress ;  and  then  return  to  his  place  as  a  file  closer, 
passing  around  the  left.  The  second  platoon  having 
aligned  itself  on  the  first,  the  captain  will  command : 
Front. 

The  movement  ended  the  instructor  will  command : 

Guides-POSTS. 

^  300.  At  this,  the  two  guides  will  return  to  their 
places  in  line  of  battle. 

§  301.  A  column  by  platoon,  left  in  front,  will  form  on 
the  left  into  line  of  battle,  according  to  the  same  prin- 
ciples, and  by  inverse  means,  applying  to  the  second 
platoon  what  is  prescribed  for  the  first,  and  reciprocally. 
The  chief  of  the  second  platoon  having  aligned  it  from 


7i:  THE  co::rA-\Y. 

the  left,  ^\ill  retire  to  liis  pkice  as  a  file  closer.  The 
captaiu  having  halted  the  first  platoon  three  paces  be- 
hind the  line  of  battle,  will  go  to  the  same  point  to 
align  this  platoon,  and  then  command  :  Front.  At  the 
command,  guides-posts,  given  by  the  instructor,  the  cap- 
tain will  shift  to  his  proper  flank  and  the  guides  take 
their  places  in  the  line  of  battle, 

Formation  of  a  company  from  two  ranks  into 
four,  and  reciprocally,  at  a  halt,  and  in  march. 

The  company  being  in  two  ranks,  at  a  halt,  and  sup- 
posed to  form  part  of  a  column  right  in  front,  the  in- 
structor, wishing  to  form  it  into  four  ranks,  will  com- 
mand : 

1.  In  four  ranks,  form  company.  2.  Company, 
left-FACE.  3.  MARCH  (or  double  quick- 
MARCHj. 

§  302.  At  the  second  command,  the  left  guide  will 
remain  faced  to  the  front,  the  company  will  face  to  the 
loft,  and  double  files  as  prescribed,  ?  41.  At  the  com- 
mand march,  the  first  file  of  four  men  will  reface  to 
the  front  without  undoubling.  All  the  other  files  of 
four  will  step  off,  and  closing  successively  to  about  five 
inches  of  the  preceding  file,  will  halt,  and  immediately 
face  to  the  front,  the  men  remaining  doubled.  The  file 
closers  will  take  their  places  at  two  paces  in  rear  of  the 
fourth  rank. 

The  company  being  in  four  ranks,  if  the  instructor 
wish  to  form  it  into  two  ranks,  he  will  command : 

1.  In  two  ranks,  form  company.  2.  Company, 
right-FACE.  3.  MARCH  (or  double  quick- 
MARCH). 

^  303.  At  the  second  command,  the  left  guide  will 
stand  fast,  the  company  will  face  to  the  right.  At  the 
command  march,  the  right  guide  will  step  ofi"  and  march 
in  the  piulougaliuii  of  the  liuu'.  rank.     The  leading  file 


THE    COMPANY.  75 

of  four  men  will  step  off  at  the  same  time,  the  other 
files  standing  fast  ;  the  second  file  will  step  oflf  when 
there  shall  be  between  it  and  the  first  space  suflScient  to 
form  into  two  ranks.  The  following  files  will  execute 
successively  what  has  been  prescribed  for  the  second. 
As  soon  as  the  last  file  shall  have  its  distance,  the  in- 
structor will  command :  1.  Company.  2.  Halt.  3.  Fkoxt. 
At  the  command/ronf,  the  company  will  face  to  the  front, 
and  the  files  will  undouble. 

The  company  being  in  two  ranks  and  marching  to  the 
front,  if  the  instructor  wish  to  form  it  into  four  ranks, 
he  will  command  : 

1.  In  four  ranks,  form  company.  2.  By  the  left 
double  files.  3.  MARCH  (or  double  quick- 
MARCH). 

^  304.  At  the  command  march,  the  left  guide  and  the 
left  file  of  the  company  will  continue  to  march  straight 
to  the  front  :  the  company  will  make  a  half  face  to  the 
left,  the  odd  numbers  placing  themselves  behind  the 
even  numbers.  The  even  numbers  of  the  rear  rank 
will  shorten  their  steps  to  permit  the  odd  numbers  of 
the  front  rank  to  get  between  them  and  the  even  num- 
bers of  that  rank.  The  files  thus  formed  of  fours,  ex- 
cept the  left  file,  will  continue  to  march  obliquely, 
lengthening  their  steps  slightly,  so  as  to  keep  con- 
stantly abreast  of  the  guide  ;  each  file  will  close  suc- 
cessively on  the  file  next  on  its  left,  and  when  at  the 
proper  distance  from  that  file,  will  face  to  the  front  by 
a  half  face  to  the  right,  and  take  the  touch  of  elbows  to 
the  left. 

The  company  being  in  march  to  the  front  in  four 
ranks,  if  the  instructor  wish  to  form  it  into  two  ranks, 
he  will  command  : 

1.  In  two  ranks,  form  company.  2.  By  the  right, 
undouble  files.  3.  MARCH  (or  double  quick- 
MARCH). 


76  THE    COMPANY. 

^  305.  At  the  command  march,  the  left  guide  and  the 
left  file  of  the  company  will  continue  to  march  straight 
to  the  front,  the  company  will  make  a  half  face  to  the 
right  and  march  obliquely,  lengthening  the  step  a  little, 
in  order  to  keep,  as  near  as  possible,  abreast  of  the 
guide.  As  soon  as  the  second  tile  from  the  left  shall 
have  gained  to  the  right  the  interval  necessary  for  the 
left  file  to  form  into  two  ranks,  the  second  file  will  face 
to  the  front  by  a  half  face  to  the  left  and  march  straight 
forward;  the  left  file  will  immediately  form  into  two 
ranks,  and  take  the  touch  of  elbows  to  the  left.  Each 
file  will  execute  successively  what  has  just  been  pre- 
scribed for  the  file  next  to  the  left,  and  each  file  will 
form  into  two  ranks,  when  the  file  next  on  its  right  has 
obliqued  the  required  distance  and  faced  to  the  front. 

§  306.  If  the  company  be  supposed  to  make  part  of  a 
column,  left  in  front,  these  diff"erent  movements  will 
be  executed  according  to  the  same  principles  and  by  in- 
verse means,  substituting  the  indication  left  for  right. 


MANUAL   FOR   RIFLEMEN.  77 


MANUAL  OF  ARMS  FOR  RIFLEMEN. 


Position  of  Shoulder- ARMS. 

The  piece  in  the  right  hand — the  barrel  nearly  verti- 
cal and  resting  in  the  hollow  of  the  shoulder — the  guard 
to  the  front,  the  arm  hanging  nearly  at  its  full  length 
near  the  body  ;  the  thumb  and  forefinger  embracing 
the  guard,  the  remaining  fingers  closed  together,  and 
grasping  the  swell  of  the  stock  just  under  the  cock, 
which  rests  on  the  little  finger. 

Present- ARMS.     {Two  motions.) 

One.  With  the  right  hand  bring  the  piece  before  the 
centre  of  the  body,  the  rammer  to  the  front  ;  at  the 
same  time  seize  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  half-way 
between  the  guide  sight  and  lower  band,  the  thumb 
extended  along  the  barrel  and  against  the  stock,  the 
forearm  horizontal  and  resting  against  the  body,  the 
hand  as  high  as  the  elbow. 

Two.  Grasp  the  small  of  the  stock  with  the  right 
hand  below  and  against  the  guard. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     ( Two  motions. ) 

One.  Bring  the  piece  to  the  right  shoulder,  at  the 
same  time  change  the  position  of  the  right  hand  so  as 
to  embrace  the  guard  with  the  thumb  and  forefinger, 
slip  up  the  left  hand  to  the  height  of  the  shoulder,  the 
fingers  extended  and  joined,  the  right  arm  nearly 
straight. 

Two.  Drop  the  left  hand  quickly  by  the  side. 


78  MANUAL    FOR   RIFLEMEN. 

Order- ARMS.     {Two  motions.) 

One.  Seize  the  piece  briskly  with  the  left  hand  near 
the  upper  band,  and  detach  it  slightly  from  the  shoul- 
der with  the  right  hand :  loosen  the  grasp  of  the  right 
hand,  lower  the  piece  with  the  left,  re-seize  the  piece 
with  the  right  hand  above  the  lower  band,  the  little 
finger  in  rear  of  the  barrel,  the  butt  about  four  inches 
from  the  ground,  the  right  hand  supported  against  the 
hip,  drop  the  left  hand  by  the  side. 

Two  Let  the  piece  slip  through  the  right  hand  to  the 
ground  by  opening  slightly  the  fingers,  and  take  the 

Position  of  Order  Arms. 

The  hand  low,  the  barrel  between  the  thumb  and 
forefinger  extended  along  the  stock ;  the  other  fingers 
extended  and  joined  ;  the  muzzle  about  two  inches 
from  the  right  shoulder  ;  the  rammer  in  front ;  the  toe 
(or  beak)  of  the  butt,  against,  and  in  a  line  with  the 
toe  of  the  right  foot,  the  barrel  perpendicular. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     {Two  motions.) 

One.  Raise  the  piece  vertically  with  the  right  hand  to 
the  height  of  the  right  breast,  and  opposite  tlie  shoul- 
der, the  elbow  close  to  the  body;  seize  the  piece  with 
the  left  hand  below  the  right,  and  drop  quickly  the 
right  hand  to  grasp  the  piece  at  the  swell  of  the  stock, 
the  thumb  and  forefinger  embracing  the  guard  ;  press 
the  piece  against  the  shoulder  with  the  left  hand  the 
right  arm  nearly  straight. 

Two.  Drop  the  left  hand  quickly  by  the  side. 

Support- ARMS.     {Three  motions.) 

One.  Bring  the  piece,  with  the  right  hand,  perpen- 
dicularly to  the  front  and  between  the  eyes,  the  barrel 
to  the  rear ;  seize  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  at  the 
lower  band,  raise  this  as  high  as  the  chin^  and  seize  the 


MANUAL   FOR   KIFLEMEN.  79 

piece  at  the  same  time  witli  tlie  right  hand  four  inches 
"below  the  cock. 

Two.  Turn  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  the  barrel 
to  the  front ;  carry  the  piece  to  the  left  shoulder,  and 
pass  the  forearm  extended  on  the  breast  between  the 
right  hand  and  the  cock  ;  support  the  cock  against  the 
left  forearm,  the  left  hand  resting  on  the  right  breast. 

Three.  Drop  the  right  hand  by  the  side. 

Shoulder  (or  Carry)-ARMS.    (Three  motions.) 

One.  Grasp  the  piece  with  the  right  hand  under  and 
against  the  left  forearm  :  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  at 
the  lower  band,  the  thumb  extended :  detach  the  piece 
slightly  from  the  shoulder,  the  left  forearm  along  the 
stock. 

Two.  Carry  the  piece  vertically  to  the  right  shoulder 
with  both  hands,  the  rammer  to  the  front,  change  the 
position  of  the  right  hand  so  as  to  embrace  the  guard 
with  the  thumb  and  forefinger,  slip  the  left  hand  to  the 
height  of  the  shoulder,  the  fingers  extended  and 
joined,  the  right  arm  nearly  straight. 

Three.  Drop  the  left  hand  quickly  by  the  side. 

Fix-BAYONET.      (Three  motions.) 

One.  Grasp  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  at  the  height 
of  the  shoulder,  and  detach  it  slightly  from  the  shoulder 
with  the  right  hand. 

Two.  Quit  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  lower  it 
with  the  left  hand,  opposite  the  middle  of  the  body,  and 
place  the  butt  between  the  feet  without  shock,  the 
rammer  to  the  rear,  the  barrel  vertical,  the  muzzle 
three  inches  from  the  body  ;  seize  it  with  the  right 
liand  at  the  upper  band,  and  carry  the  left  hand  re- 
versed to  the  handle  of  the  sabre-bayonet. 

Three.  Draw  the  sabre-bayonet  from  the  scabbard  and 
fix  it  on  the  extremity  of  the  barrel ;    seize  the  piece 


80  MANUAL    FOR   RIFLEMEN. 

with  the  left  hand,  the  arm  extended,  the  right  hand  at 
the  upper  band. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     (Two  motions.) 

One.  Raise  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  and  place  it 
against  the  right  shoulder,  the  rammer  to  the  front ; 
seize  the  piece  at  the  same  time  with  the  right  hand, 
at  the  swell  of  the  stock,  the  thumb  and  forefinger  em- 
bracing the  guard,  the  right  arm  nearly  extended. 

Two.  Drop  briskly  the  left  hand  by  the  side. 

Charge-BAYONET.    ( Tivo  motions.) 

One.  Raise  the  j)iece  slightly  with  the  right  hand  and 
make  a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left  heel ;  place  the 
hollow  of  the  right  foot  opposite  to,  and  three  inches 
from  the  left  heel,  the  feet  square  ;  seize  the  piece  at 
the  same  time  with  the  left  hand  a  little  above  the 
lower  band. 

Tioo.  Bring  down  the  piece  with  both  hands,  the  bar- 
rel uppermost,  the  left  elbow  against  the  body  ;  seize 
the  small  of  the  stock,  at  the  same  time,  with  the  right 
hand,  which  will  be  supported  against  the  hip ;  the 
point  of  the  sabre-bayonet  as  high  as  the  eye. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     (  Two  motions. ) 

One.  Throw  up  the  piece  briskly  with  the  left  hand 
in  facing  to  the  front,  place  it  against  the  right  shoul- 
der, the  rammer  to  the  front ;  turn  the  right  hand  so  as 
to  embrace  the  guard,  slide  the  left  hand  to  the  height 
of  the  shoulder,  the  right  hand  nearly  extended. 

Two.  Drop  the  left  hand  smartly  by  the  side. 

Trail" ARMS.     (  Two  motions. ) 

One.  The  same  as  the  first  motion  of  order  ai-ms. 

Two.  Incline  the  muzzle  slightly  to  the  front,  the 
"butt  to  the  rear  and  about  four  inches  from  the  ground. 
The  right  hand,  supported  at  the  hip,  will  so  hold  the 


MANUAL   rOR  RIFLEMEN.  81 

piece  tliat  the  rear  rank  men  may  not  toucli  with,  their 
bayonets  the  men  in  the  front  rank. 

Shoulder-ARMS. 

At  the  command  sJiouIder,  raise  the  piec;e  perpendicu- 
larly in  the  right  hand,  the  little  finger  in  rear  of  the 
barrel.  At  the  command  arms,  execute  the  two  motions 
prescribed  for  the  shoulder  from  the  position  of  order 
arms. 

Unfix-B AYONET.     (  Three  motions. ) 

One.  The  same  as  the  first  motion  oijix-hayonet. 

Tivo.  The  same  as  the  second  motion  of  Jix-hayonety 
except  that  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand  will  be  placed 
on  the  spring  of  the  sabre-bayonet,  and  the  left  hand 
will  embrace  the  handle  of  the  sabre-bayonet  and  the 
barrel,  the  thumb  extended  along  the  blade. 

Three.  Press  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand  on  the 
spring,  wrest  off  the  sabre-bayonet,  turn  it  to  the  right, 
the  edge  to  the  front,  lower  the  guard  until  it  touches 
the  right  hand,  which  will  seize  the  back  and  the  edge 
of  the  blade  between  the  thumb  aud  first  two  fingers, 
the  other  fingers  holding  the  piece  ;  change  the  position 
of  the  hand  without  quitting  the  handle,  return  the 
sabre-bayonet  to  the  scabbard,  and  seize  the  piece  with 
the  left  hand,  the  arm  extended. 

Shoulder-ARMS.    ( Tioo  motions.) 

One.  The  same  as  the  first  motion  ir ova.  Jix -bayonet 
Two.  The  same  as  the  second  motion  from  Jix-bayonet, 

Secure- ARMS,     (Three  motions.) 

One.  The  same  as  the  first  motion  of  support  arms,  ex- 
cept, with  the  right  hand  seize  the  piece  at  the  small 
of  the  stock. 

Two.  Turn  the  piece  with  both  hands,  the  barrel  to 
the  front  ;  bring  it  opposite  the  left  shoulder,  the  butt 

6 


82  MANUAL    FOR   RIFLEMEN" 

against  the  hip,  the  left  hand  at  the  lower  band,  the 
thumb  as  high  as  the  chin  and  extended  on  the  ram- 
mer ;  the  piece  erect  and  detached  from  the  shoulder, 
the  left  forearm  against  the  piece. 

Three.  Reverse  the  piece,  pass  it  under  the  left  arm, 
the  left  hand  remaining  at  the  lower  band,  the  thumb 
on  the  rammer  to  prevent  it  from  sliding  out,  the  little 
finger  resting  against  the  hip,  the  right  hand  falling  at 
the  same  time  by  the  side. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     {Three  motions.) 

One.  Raise  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  and  seize  it 
with  the  right  hand  at  the  small  of  the  stock.  The 
piece  erect  and  detached  from  the  shoulder,  the  butt 
against  the  hip,  left  forearm  along  the  piece. 

Tivo.  The  same  as  the  second  motion  of  shoulder  ar7ns 
from  a  support. 

Three.  The  same  as  the  third  motion  of  shoulder  arms 
from  a  support. 

Right  Shoulder,  Shift- ARMS.  (^Tivo  motions.) 
One.  Detach  the  piece  perpendicularly  from  the 
shoulder  with  the  right  hand,  and  seize  it  with  the 
left  between  the  lower  band  and  the  guide  sight,  raise 
the  piece,  the  left  hand  at  the  height  of  the  shoulder 
and  four  inches  from  it ;  place  at  the  same  time,  the 
right  hand  on  the  butt,  the  brace  between  the  first  two 
fingers,  the  other  two  fingers  under  the  butt  plate,  i 

Two.  Quit  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  raise  and 
place  the  piece  on  the  right  shoulder  with  the  right 
hand,  the  lock  plate  upwards  ;  let  fall,  at  the  same  time, 
the  left  hand  by  the  side. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     (Two  motions.) 

One.  Raise  the  piece  perpendicularly  by  extending 
the  right  arm  to  its  full  length,  the  rammer  to  the  front, 
at  the  same  time,  seize  the  piece  with  the  left  hand 
between  the  lower  band  and  guide  sight. 


MANUAL   FOR  BIFLEMEN.  83 

Two.  Quit  the  butt  with  the  right  hand,  which  will 
immediately  embrace  the  guard,  lower  the  piece  to  the 
position  of  shoulder  arms,  slide  up  the  left  hand  to  the 
height  of  the  shoulder,  the  fingers  extended  and  closed. 
Drop  the  left  hand  by  the  side. 

Arms  at  Will.     (One  motion.) 

Carry  the  piece  at  pleasure  on  either  shoulder,  with 
one  or  both  hands,  the  muzzle  elevated. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     {One  motion.) 
Retake  quickly  the  position  of  shoulder  arms. 

Ground- ARMS.     {From  theposition  of  order  arins.) 

(  Two  motions. ) 
One.  As  prescribed  §  121. 
Two.  As  prescribed  §  122. 

Raise- ARMS.     ( Two  motions. ) 
One.  As  prescribed  g  123. 
Two.  As  prescribed  I  124. 

Load  in  nine  times. 

1.  LOAD.*  {One  motion.) 
Grasp  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  as  high  as  the 
right  elbow,  and  bring  it  vertically  opposite  the  middle 
of  the  body,  shift  the  right  hand  to  the  upper  baud, 
place  the  butt  between  the  feet,  the  barrel  to  the  front ; 
seize  it  with  the  left  hand  near  the  muzzle,  which 
should  be  three  inches  from  the  body  ;  carry  the  right 
hand  to  the  cartridge  box. 

2.  Handle-CARTRIDGE.    {One  motion.) 
Seize  the  cartridge  with  the  thumb  and  next  two  fin- 
gers, and  place  it  between  the  teeth. 

*  Whenever  the  loadings  and  firings  are  to  be  exe- 
cuted, the  instructor  will  cause  the  cartridge  boxes  to 
be  brought  to  the  front. 


8i  MANUAL   FOR   RIFLEME]S'. 

3.  Tear-CARTRIDGE.    ( One  jtiotion.) 
Tear  the  paper  to  the   powder,   hold   the   cartridge 
upright  "between  the  thumb  and  first  two  fingers,  near 
the   top  ;    in  this  position  place  it  in  front  of  and  near 
the  muzzle — the  back  of  the  hand  to  the  front. 

4.  Charge-CARTRIDGE.  {One  motion.) 
Empty  the  powder  into  the  barrel :  disengage  the 
ball  from  the  paper  with  the  right  hand  and  the  thumb 
and  first  two  fingers  of  the  left ;  insert  it  into  the  bore, 
the  pointed  end  uppermost,  and  press  it  down  with  the 
right  thumb ;  seize  the  head  of  the  rammer  with  the 
thumb  and  forefinger  of  the  right  hand,  the  other  fin- 
gers closed,  the  elbows  near  the  body. 

5.  Draw-RAMMER.     {Three  motions.) 

One.  Half  draw  the  rammer  by  extending  the  right 
arm ;  steady  it  in  this  position  with  the  left  thumb  ; 
grasp  the  rammer  near  the  muzzle  with  the  right  hand, 
the  little  finger  uppermost,  the  nails  to  the  front,  the 
thumb  extended  along  the  rammer. 

Two.  Clear  the  rammer  from  the  pipes  by  again  ex- 
tending the  arm  ;  the  rammer  in  the  prolongation  of  the 
pipes. 

Three.  Turn  the  rammer,  the  little  end  of  the  ram- 
mer passing  near  the  left  shoulder  ;  place  the  head  of 
the  rammer  on  the  ball,  the  back  of  the  hand  to  the 
front. 

6.  Ram-CARTRIDGE.    {One  motion.) 
Insert  the   rammer  as   far  as  the  right,  and  steady  it 

in  this  position  with  the  thumb  of  the  left  hand  ;  seize 
the  rammer  at  the  small  end  with  the  thumb  and  fore- 
finger of  the  right  hand,  the  back  of  the  hand  to  the 
front ;  press  the  ball  home,  the  elbows  near  the  body. 

7.  Return-RAMMER.     {Three  motions.) 

One.  Draw  the  rammer  half  -.vay  out,  and  steady  it 


MANUAL    FOR    RIFLEMEN.  85 

in  this  position  with  the  left  thumb  ;  grasp  it  near  tlie 
muzzle  with  the  right  hand,  the  little  finger  uppermost, 
the  nails  to  the  front,  the  thumb  along  the  rammer  ; 
clear  the  rammer  from  the  bore  by  extending  the  arm, 
the  nails  to  the  front,  the  rammer  in  the  prolongation 
of  the  bore. 

Two.  Turn  the  rammer,  its  head  passing  near  the 
left  shoulder,  and  insert  it  in  the  pipes  until  the  right 
hand  reaches  the  muzzle,  the  nails  to  the  front. 

Three.  Force  the  rammer  home  by  placing  the  little 
finger  of  the  right  hand  on  the  head  of  the  rammer  ; 
pass  the  left  hand  down  the  barrel  to  the  extent  of  the 
arm,  without  depressing  the  shoulder. 

*  8.  PRIME.  {Tico  motions.) 
One.  With  the  left  hand  raise  the  piece  till  the  hand 
is  as  high  as  the  eye,  grasp  the  small  of  the  stock  with 
the  right  hand ;  half  face  to  the  right ;  place,  at  tlie 
same  time,  the  right  foot  behind  and  at  right  angles 
with  the  left ;  the  hollow  of  the  right  foot  against  the 
left  heel.  Slip  the  left  hand  down  to  the  lower  band, 
the  thumb  along  the  stock,  the  left  elbow  against  the 
body  ;  bring  the  piece  to  the  right  side,  the  butt  below 
the  right  forearm— the  small  of  the  stock  against  the 
body  and  two  inches  below  the  right  breast,  the  barrel 
upwards,  the  muzzle  on  a  level  with  the  eye. 

Two.  Half  cock  with  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand, 
the  fingers  supported  against  the  guard  and  the  small 
of  the  stock — remove  the  old  cap  with  one  of  the  fingers 
of  the  right  hand,  and  with  the   thumb  and  forefinger 

*  If  the  Primer  be  used,  the  command  will  be  load  in 
eight  times^  and  the  eight  command  will  be,  shoulder 
arms,  and  executed  from  return  rammer,  in  two  motions, 
as  follows  : 

One.  Raise  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  and  take  the 
position  of  shoulder  arms. 

Tivo.  Drop  the  left  hand  quickly  by  the  side. 


86  MANUAL   FOR  RIFLEMEN. 

of  the  same  hand  take  a  cap  from  the  pouch,  place  it 
on  the  nipple,  and  press  it  down  with  the  thumb ;  seize 
the  small  of  the  stock  with  the  right  hand. 

9.  Shoulder-ARMS. 

One.  Bring  the  piece  to  the  right  shoulder  and  sup- 
port it  there  with  the  left  hand,  face  to  the  front ;  bring 
the  right  heel  to  the  side  of  and  on  a  line  with  the  left ; 
grasp  the  piece  with  the  right  hand  as  indicated  in  the 
position  of  shoulder  a7-ms. 

Two.  Drop  the  left  hand  quickly  by  the  side. 

READY.     {Three  motions.) 

One.  Raise  the  piece  slightly  with  the  right  hand, 
making  a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left  heel :  carry 
the  right  foot  to  the  rear,  and  place  it  at  right  angles  to 
the  left,  the  hollow  of  it  opposite  to,  and  against  the 
left  heel ;  grasp  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  at  the 
lower  band  and  detach  it  slightly  from  the  shoulder. 

Tiuo.  Bring  down  the  piece  with  both  hands,  the 
barrel  upwards,  the  left  thumb  extended  along  the 
stock,  the  butt  below  the  right  forearm,  the  small  of 
the  stock  against  the  body  and  two  inches  below  the 
right  breast,  the  muzzle  as  high  as  the  eye,  the  left 
elbow  against  the  side  ;  place  at  the  same  time  the 
right  thumb  on  the  head  of  the  cock,  the  other  fingers 
under  and  against  the  guard. 

Three.  Cock  and  seize  the  piece  at  the  small  of  the 
stock  without  deranging  the  position  of  the  butt. 

AIM.  [One  motion.) 
Raise  the  piece  with  both  hands,  and  support  the  butt 
against  the  right  shoulder  ;  the  left  elbow  down,  the 
right  nearly  as  high  as  the  shoulder  ;  incline  the  head 
upon  the  butt  so  that  the  right  eye  may  perceive  quickly 
the  object  aimed  at;  the  left  eye  closed,  the  right 
thumb  extended  along  the  stock,  the  forefinger  on  the 
trigger. 


MANUAL   FOR   RIFLEMEN.  87 

The  rear  rank  men,  in  aiming,  will  each  carry  the 
right  foot  about  eight  inches  to  the  right,  and  towards 
the  left  heel  of  the  man  next  on  the  right,  inclining  the 
upper  part  of  the  body  forward. 

FIRE.     (  One  motion. ) 

Press  the  forefinger  against  the  trigger,  fire,  without 
lowering  or  turning  the  head,  and  remain  in  this 
position. 

LOAD.     From  the  fire.*     (One  notion.) 

Bring  down  the  piece  with  both  hands,  at  the  same 
time  face  to  the  front  and  take  the  position  of  load. 
Each  rear  rank  man  will  bring  his  right  foot  by  the  side 
of  the  left. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     From  the  fire.     (One  motion.) 

Throw  up  the  piece  briskly  with  the  left  hand  and 
resume  the  position  of  shoulder  arins,  at  the  same  time 
face  to  the  front,  turning  on  the  left  heel,  and  bring  the 
right  heel  on  a  line  with  the  left. 

Recover- ARMS.     From  the  aim.     (One  motion.) 

At  the  word  recover,  withdraw  the  finger  from  the 
trigger  ;  at  the  command  arms,  retake  the  position  of 
ready. 

Shoulder- ARMS.     From  the  ready.      (One  motion.) 

At  the  word  shoulder,  place  the  thumb  upon  the  cock, 
the  forefinger  on  the  trigger,  half  cock,  and  seize  the 
small  of  the  stock  with  the  right  hand.  At  the  com- 
mand arms,  bring  up  the  piece  briskly  to  the  right 
shoulder,  and  retake  the  position  of  shoulder  arms. 

*  From  this  position,  the  instructor  may  cause  the 
loading  to  be  continued,  as  already  prescribed.  If  he 
wish  the  men  to  load  without  resting  on  the  times,  he 
will  command,  1.  Load  at  will.  2.  Load:  when  each 
man  will  load  promptly,  observing  every  motion,  but 
without  resting,  and  Trithout  waiting  for  his  neighbors. 


88  MANUAL   FOR    UIFLEMEN. 

Inspection- ARMS.     From  order  arms. 
(^Two  motions.) 

One.  Seize  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  helow  and 
near  the  upper  band,  carry  it  with  both  liands  opposite 
the  middle  of  the  body,  the  butt  between  the  feet,  the 
rammer  to  the  rear,  the  barrel  vertical,  the  muzzle  about 
three  inches  from  the  body  ;  carry  the  left  hand  re- 
versed to  the  sabre-bayonet,  draw  it  from  the  scabbard 
and  fix  it  on  the  barrel ;  grasp  the  piece  with  the  left 
hand  below  and  near  the  upper  band,  seize  the  rammer 
with  the  thumb  and  forefinger  of  the  right  hand  bent, 
the  other  fingers  closed. 

Two.  Draw  the  rammer  as  explained  in  loading,  and 
let  it  glide  to  the  bottom  of  the  bore,  replace  the  piece 
with  the  left  hand  opposite  the  right  shoulder,  and  re- 
take the  position  of  order  arins. 

The  instructor  will  then  pass  along  the  front  of  the 
rank  and  inspect  the  piece  of  each  man,  all  conforming 
to  the  principles  prescribed  for  inspection  in  the  squad 
drill,  §  139.  Each  man,  when  the  instructor  shall  have 
passed  him,  will  retake  the  position  prescribed  at  the 
command  inspection  arms,  return  the  rammer,  and  re- 
sume the  position  of  order  arms. 

Stack-ARMS. 

At  this  command,  the  front  rank  man  of  every 
even  numbered  file  will  pass  his  piece  before  him, 
seizing  it  with  the  left  hand  near  the  upper  band  :  will 
jilace  the  butt  a  little  in  advance  of  his  left  toe,  the 
barrel  turned  towards  the  body,  and  draw  the  rammer 
slightly  from  its  place ;  the  front  rank  man  of  every 
odd  numbered  file  will  also  draw  the  rammer  slightly, 
and  pass  his  piece  to  the  man  next  on  his  left,  who  will 
seize  it  with  the  right  hand  near  the  upper  band,  and 
place  the  butt  a  little  in  advance  of  the  right  toe  of  the 
man  next  on  his  right,  the  barrel  turned  to  the  front ; 


.      MANUAL  FOR  RIFLEMEX.  89 

he  "Vfill  then  cross  the  rammer  of  the  two  pieces,  the 
rammer  of  the  piece  of  the  odd  numbered  man  being  in- 
side ;  the  rear  rank  man  of  every  even  file  iv^ill  also  draw 
his  rammer,  lean  his  piece  forward,  the  lock  plate  down- 
wards, advance  the  right  foot  about  six  inches,  and  in- 
sert the  rammer  between  the  rammer  and  barrel  of  the 
piece  of  his  front  rank  man ;  with  his  left  hand  he, will 
place  the  butt  of  his  piece  on  the  ground,  thirty-two 
inches  in  rear  of,  and  perpendicular  to,  the  front  rank, 
bringing  back  his  right  foot  by  the  side  of  the  left ;  the 
front  rank  man  of  every  even  file  will  at  the  same  time 
lean  the  stack  to  the  rear,  quit  it  with  his  right  hand, 
and  force  all  the  rammers  down.  The  stack  being  thus 
formed,  the  rear  rank  man  or  every  odd  file  will  pass 
his  piece  into  his  left  hand,  the  barrel  to  the  front,  and 
inclining  it  forward,  will  rest  it  on  the  stack. 

Take- ARMS. 

At  this  command  the  rear  rank  man  of  every  odd 
numbered  file  will  withdraw  his  piece  from  the  stack ; 
the  front  rank  man  of  every  even  file  will  seize  his  own 
piece  with  the  left  hand  and  that  of  the  man  on  his 
right  with  his  right  hand,  both  above  the  lower  band  ; 
the  rear  rank  man  of  the  even  file  will  seize  his  piece 
with  the  right  hand  below  the  lower  band  ;  these  two 
men  will  raise  up  the  stack  to  loosen  the  rammers  ;  the 
front  rank  man  of  every  odd  file  will  facilitate  the  dis- 
engagement of  the  rammers,  if  necessary,  by  drawing 
them  out  slightly  with  the  left  hand,  and  will  receive 
his  piece  from  the  hand  of  the  man  next  on  his  left ; 
the  four  men  will  retake  the  position  of  the  soldier  nt 
order  arms. 


90  INSPECTION. 


REGULATIONS   AS  TO   INSPECTION, 
PARADES,  ETC. 


FORM  OF  INSPECTION. 

The  inspection  of  troops,  not  less  than  a  company, 
will  generally  be  preceded  by  a  review.  The  present 
example  embraces  a  battalion. 

The  inspecting  officer  and  the  field  and  staff  officers 
will  be  on  foot.  The  battalion  being  in  the  order  of 
battle,  the  colonel  will  cause  it  to  break  into  open  col- 
umn of  companies,  right  in  front.  He  will  next  order 
the  ranks  to  be  opened,  when  the  color-rank  and  color- 
guard,  under  the  direction  of  the  adjutant,  will  take 
post  ten  paces  in  front,  and  the  band  ten  paces  in  rear 
of  the  column.  The  colonel  seeing  the  ranks  aligned, 
will  then  command : 

1.  OfBLcers  and  Sergeants  to  the  front  of  your 
Companies.     2.  MARCH. 

The  officers  will  form  themselves  in  one  rank,  eight 
paces,  and  the  non-commissioned  officers  in  one  rank, 
six  paces  in  advance,  along  the  whole  fronts  of  their 
respective  companies,  from  right  to  left  in  the  order  of 
seniority ;  the  pioneers  and  music  of  each  company,  in 
one  rank,  two  paces  behind  the  non-commissioned 
officers.     The  colonel  will  then  command  : 

1.  Field  and  Staff,  to  the  front.    2.  MARCH. 


INSPECTION.  91 

The  commissione.l  officers  tlius  designated,  will  form 
tliemselves  in  one  rcank,  on  a  line  equal  to  the  front  of 
the  column,  six  paces  in  front  of  the  colors,  from  right 
to  left  in  the  order  of  seniority  :  and  the  non-com- 
missioned staff,  in  a  similar  manner,  two  paces  in  rear 
of  the  preceding  rank.  The  colonel,  seeing  the  move- 
ment executed,  will  take  post  on  the  right  of  the 
lieutenant  colonel,  and  wait  the  approach  of  the 
inspecting  officer.  But  such  of  the  field  officers  as  may 
be  superior  in  rank  to  the  inspector,  will  not  take  post 
in  front  of  the  battalion. 

The  inspector  will  commence  in  front.  After  inspect- 
ing the  dress  and  general  appearance  of  the  field  and 
commissioned  staff  under  arms,  the  inspector,  accom- 
panied by  these  officers,  will  pass  down  the  open  column, 
looking  at  every  rank  in  front  and  rear. 

The  colonel  will  now  command,  1.  Order-An^is.  2. 
Rest;  when  the  inspector  will  proceed  to  make  a 
minute  inspection  of  the  several  ranks  or  divisions, 
commencing  in  front. 

As  the  inspector  approaches  the  non-commissioned 
staff,  color-rank,  the  color-guard  and  the  band,  the 
adjutant  will  give  the  necessary  orders  for  the  inspec- 
tion of  arms,  boxes,  and  knapsacks.  The  colors  will  be 
planted  firm  in  the  ground,  to  enable  the  color-bearers 
to  display  the  contents  of  their  knapsacks.  The  non- 
commissioned staff  may  be  dismissed  as  soon  as  in- 
spected, but  the  color-rank  and  color-guard  will  remain 
until  the  colors  are  to  be  escorted  to  the  place  from 
which  they  were  taken.  As  the  inspector  successively 
approaches  the  companies,  the  captains  will  command  : 

1.  Attention.   2.  Company.   3.  Inspection- ARMS. 

The  inspecting  officer  will  then  go  through  the  whole 
company,  and  minutely  inspect  the  arms,  accoutrements 
and  dress  of  each  soldier.  After  this  is  done  the 
captain  ^  ill  command:    Open-BoxEH ;  when  the  ammu- 


92  INSPECTION". 

nition  and  "boxes  will  be  examined.     He  will  then  com- 
mand : 

1.  Shoulder-ARMS.  2.  Close-Order.  3.  MARCH. 
4.  Order- ARMS.  5.  Stack- ARMS.  6.  To  the 
rear,  open  order.  7.  MARCH.  8.  Front  Rank, 
ABOUT-FACE.  9.  Unsling-Knapsacks.  10. 
Open-Knapsacks. 

The  sergeants  will  face  inward  at  the  2nd  commanrl, 
and  close  npon  the  centre  at  the  3rd,  and  at  the  5th 
command  stack  their  arras  ;  at  the  6th  thej  will  face 
outward,  and  at  the  7th  resume  their  position.  When 
the  ranks  are  closed,  preparatory  to  talce-arms,  the  ser- 
geants will  also  close  upon  the  centre,  and  at  the  word, 
take  their  arms  and  resume  their  position. 

The  knapsacks  will  be  placed  at  the  feet  of  the  men, 
the  flaps  from  them,  with  the  great  coats  on  the  flaps, 
and  knapsacks  leaning  on  the  great  coats.  In  this 
position  the  inspector  will  examine  their  contents,  or 
so  many  of  them  as  he  may  think  necessary,  commenc- 
ing with  the  non-commi?!sioned  officers,  the  men  stand- 
ing at  attention.  When  the  inspector  has  passed  through 
the  company,  the  captain  will  command :  Repack-Knap- 
sacks,  when  each  soldier  will  repack  and  buckle  up  his 
knapsack,  leaving  it  on  the  ground,  the  number  upwards 
turned  from  him,  and  then  stand  at  rest.  The  captain 
will  then  command  : 

1.  Attention.  2.  Company.  3.  Sling-Knapsacks. 
4.  Front  rank,  ABOUT  FACE.  5.  Close  Order. 
6.  MARCH.  7.  Take-ARMS.  8.  Shoulder- 
ARMS.  9.  Oflacers  and  Sergeants  to  your 
posts.     10.  MARCH. 

At  the  word  sling  of  the  3rd  command,  each  soldier 
will  take  his  knapsack,  holding  it  by  the  inner  straps, 
and  stand  erect ;  at  the  last  word,  he  will  replace  it  on 
his  back.  At  the  10th  command,  the  company  will  file 
off  to  their  tents  or  quarters,  except  the  company  that 
is  to  re-escort  the  color?,  which  will  await  the  further 
orders  of  the  colonel. 


FORMS  OF   PARADE.  93 


PORMS  OP  PAHADE. 

The  examples  liere  given  embrace  a  battalion  of  in- 
fantry. A  single  company  will  parade  as  if  it  were  witb. 
the  battalion. 

1.    DRESS  PARADE. 

At  the  hour  appointed,  on  the  signal  of  the  adjutant, 
the  captains  will  march  their  companies  to  the  parade- 
ground,  where  they  take  their  positions  in  the  order  of 
battle.  When  the  line  is  formed  the  captain  of  the 
first  company,  on  notice  from  the  adjutant,  steps  one 
pace  to  the  front,  and  gives  to  his  company  the  com- 
mand :  Order-AuMS ;  Parade-REST ;  which  is  repeated 
by  each  captain  in  succession  to  the  left.  The  adjutant 
takes  post  two  paces  on  the  right  of  the  line  ;  the 
sergeant-major  two  paces  on  the  left.  The  music  will 
be  formed  in  two  ranks  on  the  right  of  the  adjutant. 
The  senior  oflSicer  present  will  take  the  command  of  the 
parade,  and  will  take  post  at  a  suitable  distance  in  front, 
opposite  the  centre  facing  the  line. 

When  the  companies  have  ordered  arms,  the  adjutant 
will  order  the  music  to  beat  off,  when  it  will  commence 
on  the  right,  beat  in  front  of  the  line  to  the  left,  and 
back  to  its  place  on  the  right.  The  adjutant  will  then 
step  two  paces  to  the  front,  face  to  the  left,  and  com- 
mand : 

1.  Attention.  2.  Battalion.  3.  Shoulder-ARMS. 
4.  Prepare  to  open  ranks.  5.  To  the  rear  open 
order.    6.  MARCH. 

At  the  sixth  command,  the  ranks  will  be  opened,  the 
commissioned  officers  (field  and  stafi"  dismounting)  will 
march  to  the  front,  field  officers  six  paces,  the  com- 


94  DRESS   PARADE. 

paiiy  officers  four  paces,  opposite  to  their  positions  in 
line  of  battle,  halt  and  dress.  The  adjutant  seeing  the 
ranks  aligned  will  command:  Fkont,  and  march  along 
the  front  to  the  centre,  face  to  the  right,  and  pass  the 
line  of  company  officers,  eight  or  ten  paces,  face  to  the 
right  about  and  command  : 

Present- ARMS. 

Seeing  this  executed,  he  will  face  about  to  the  com- 
manding officer,  salute  and  report,  **  Sir,  the  parade  is 
formed.''^  The  adjutant  will  then,  on  intimation  to  that 
effect,  take  his  station  three  paces  on  the  left  of  the 
commanding  officer,  one  pace  retired,  passing  around 
his  rear. 

The  commanding  officer,  having  acknowledged  the 
salute  of  the  line  by  touching  his  hat,  will,  after  the  ad- 
jutant has  taken  his  post,  draw  his  sword  and  command  : 

1.  Battalion.    2.  Shoulder-ARMS, 

and  add  such  exercises  as  he  may  think  proper,  con- 
cluding with  0/YZer-AKMS.  He  will  then  return  his 
sword,  and  direct  the  adjutant  to  receive  the  reports. 

The  adjutant  will  now  pass  around  the  right  of  the 
commanding  officer,  advance  upon  the  line,  halt  mid- 
way between  him  and  the  line  of  company  officers,  and 
command  : 

1.  First  Sergeants  to  the  front  and  centre. 
2.  MARCH. 

At  the  first  command,  the  first  sergeants  will  shoulder 
arms,  march  two  paces  to  the  front,  and  face  inward. 
At  the  second  command,  they  will  march  to  the  centre, 
and  halt.     The  adjutant  will  then  order  : 

1.  Front  FACE.    2.  Report. 

At  the  last  word,  each  in  succession,  beginning  on 
the  right,  will  salute  by  bringing  the  left  hand  smartly 
across  the  breast  to  the  right  shoulder,  and  report  the 


DRESS   PARADE.  95 

result  of  the  roll-call  previously  made  ou  tlie  company 
parade.     The  adjutant  then  commands: 

1.  First  Sergeants,  outward-Face.     2.  To  your 
posts-MARCH, 

when  they  will  resume  their  places  and  order  arms. 
The  adjutant  will  then  face  to  the  commanding  officer, 
salute,  report  ahsent  officers,  and  give  the  result  of  the 
first  sergeants'  reports.  The  commanding  officer  will 
then  direct  the  orders  to  he  read,  when  the  adjutant 
will  face  about  and  announce  : 

Attention  to  Orders. 
Having  read  the  orders,  the  adjutant  will  face  to  the 
commanding  officer,  salute  and  report  ;  when,  on  an  in- 
timation from  the  commander,  he  will  face  again  to  the 
line  and  announce  : 

Parade  is  dismissed. 

All  the  officers  will  now  return  their  swords,  face  in- 
ward, and  close  on  the  adjutant,  he  having  taken  posi- 
tion in  their  line,  the  field  officers  on  the  flanks.  The 
adjutant  commands: 

1.  Front-FACE.     2.  Forward-MARCH. 

When  they  will  march  forward,  dressing  on  the  centre, 
the  music  playing,  and  when  within  six  paces  of  the 
commander,  the  adjutant  will  give  the  command  :  Halt. 
The  officers  will  then  salute  the  commanding  officer  by 
raising  the  hand  to  the  cap,  and  there  remain  until  he 
shall  have  communicated  to  them  such  instructions  as 
he  may  have  to  give,  or  intimates  that  the  ceremony  is 
finished.  As  the  officers  disperse,  the  first  sergeants 
will  close  the  ranks  of  their  respective  companies,  and 
march  them  ofi",  the  hand  continuing  to  play  until  the 
companies  clear  the  regimental  parade  ground. 


96  REVIEW. 


II.   REVIEW. 


Preparatory  to  a  review,  the  adjutant  will  cause  a 
camp-color  to  be  placed  80  or  100  paces,  or  more,  in 
front  of,  and  opposite  to,  where  tlie  centre  of  tlie  battal- 
ion will  rest,  where  the  reviewing  officer  is  supposed  to 
take  his  station  ;  and  although  he  may  choose  to  quit 
that  position,  still  the  color  is  to  be  considered  as  the 
point  to  which  all  the  movements  and  formations  are 
relative.  The  adjutant  will  also  cause  points  to  be 
marked,  at  suitable  distances,  for  the  wheelings  of  the 
divisions,  so  that  their  right  flanks,  in  marching  past, 
shall  only  be  about  four  paces  from  the  camp-color,  or 
position  of  the  reviewing  officer. 

The  battalion  being  formed  in  the  order  of  battle  at 
shouldered  arms,  the  colonel  will  command  : 

1.  Battalion,  prepare  for  review.     To  the  rear, 
open  order.    3.  MARCH. 

At  the  word  viarch,  the  field  and  staff  officers  dis- 
mount, the  company  officers  and  the  color-rank  advance 
four  paces  in  front  of  the  front  rank,  and  place  them- 
selves opposite  to  their  respective  places  in  the  order  of 
battle  ;  the  color-guard  replace  the  color-rank  ;  the  staff 
officers  place  themselves,  according  to  rank,  three  paces 
on  the  right  of  the  rank  of  company  officers,  and  one 
pace  from  each  other  ;  the  music  takes  post  as  at  dress- 
parade  ;  the  non-commissioned  staff  take  post  one  pace 
from  each  other,  and  three  paces  on  the  right  of  the 
front  rank  of  the  battalion. 

When  the  ranks  are  aligned,  the  colonel  will  com- 
mand :  Front  ;  and  place  himself  eight  paces,  and  the 
lieutenant-colonel  and  major  will  place  themselves  two 


REVIEW.  97 

paces,  in  front  of  the  rank  of  company  officers,  and 
opposite  to  their  respective  places  in  the  order  of  battle, 
all  facing  to  the  front. 

When  the  reviewing  officer  presents  himself  before 
the  centre,  and  is  fifty  or  sixty  paces  distant,  the  colonel 
will  face  about  and  command  : 

Present- ARMS  ; 
and  resume  his  front.  The  men  present  arms,  and  the 
officers  salute,  so  as  to  drop  their  swords  with  the  last 
motion  of  the  firelock.  The  non-commissioned  staff 
salute  by  bringing  the  sword  to  &  poise,  the  hilt  resting 
on  the  breast,  the  blade  in  front  of  the  face,  inclining  a 
little  outwards.  The  music  will  play,  and  all  the  drums 
beat,  according  to  the  rank  of  the  reviewing  officer.* 

The  reviewing  officer  having  halted  and  acknowledged 
the  salute  by  touching  or  raising  his  cap  or  hat,  the 
colonel  will  face  about  and  command ;  Shoulder-Amis  ! 
when  the  men  shoulder  their  pieces  ;  the  officers  and 
non-commissioned  staff  recover  their  swords  with  the 
last  motion  and  the  colonel  faces  to  the  front. 

The  reviewing  officer  will  then  go  towards  the  right, 
the  whole  remaining  perfectly  steady,  without  paying 
any  further  compliment,  while  he  passes  along  the 
front  of  the  battalion  and  proceeds  round  the  left  flank, 
and  along  the  rear  of  the  file  closers,  to  the  right! 
While  the  reviewing  officer  is  going  round  the  battalion 
the  band  will  play,  and  will  cease  when  he  has  returned 
to  the  right  flank. 

When  the  reviewing  officer  turns  off  to  place  himself 

*  If  the  reviewing  officer  be  junior  in  rank  to  the 
commandant  of  the  parade,  no  compliment  will  be  paid 
to  him,  but  he  will  be  received  with  arms  carried,  and 
the  officers  will  not  salute  as  the  column  passes  in  re- 
view. The  colors  salute  such  persons  only  as  from 
their  rank  and  by  regula*vion  are  entitled  to  that  honor. 
7 


98  REVIEW. 

hy  the  camp-color  in  front,  the  colonel  will  face  the 
line,  and  command  : 

1.  Close  order.    2.  MARCH. 

At  the  first  command  the  field  and  company  officers 
will  face  to  the  right-about ;  and  at  the  second  command, 
all  persons  except  the  colonel,  will  resume  their  places 
in  the  order  of  battle  ;  the  field  and  stafi"  officers  mount. 

The  reviewing  officer  having  taken  his  position  near 
the  camp-color,  the  colonel  will  command : 

1.  By  Company,  right  wheel.  2.  Quick-MARCH. 
3.  Pass  in  review.  4.  Column,  forward.  5.  Guide 
right.    6.  MARCH. 

The  battalion,  in  column  of  companies,  right  in  front, 
will  then  in  common  time,  and  at  shoulder  arms,  be  put 
in  motion  ;  the  colonel  four  paces  in  front  of  the  cap- 
tain of  the  leading  company ;  the  lieutenant-colonel 
on  a  line  with  the  leading  company ;  the  major  on  a  line 
"witli  the  rear  company  ;  the  adjutant  on  a  line  with 
the  second  company;  the  sergeant-major  on  a  line  with 
the  company  next  preceding  the  rear — each  six  paces 
from  the  flank  (left)  opposite  to  the  reviewing  officer ; 
the  staff  officers  in  one  rank,  according  to  order  of  pre- 
cedency, from  the  right,  four  paces  in  rear  of  the 
column ;  the  music,  preceded  by  the  principal  musician, 
six  paces  before  the  colonel  ;  the  pioneers  preceded  by 
a  corporal,  four  paces  before  the  principal  musician ; 
and  the  quartermaster-sergeant  two  paces  from  the  side 
opposite  to  the  guides,  and  in  line  with  the  pioneers. 
The  guides  and  soldiers  will  keep  their  heads  steady  to 
the  front  in  passing  in  review. 

The  music  will  begin  to  play  at  the  command  to 
march,  and  after  passing  the  reviewing  officer,  wheel  to 
the  left  out  of  the  column,  and  take  a  position  opposite 
and  facing  him,  and  will  continue  to  play  until  the  rear 
of  the  column  shall  have  passed  him,  when  it  will  cease, 


REVIEW.  99 

and  follow  in  the  rear  of  the  battalion.*  The  officers  will 
salute  the  reviewing  officer  when  thej  arrive  within  six 
paces  of  him,  and  recover  their  swords  when  six  paces 
past  him.  All  officers,  in  saluting,  will  cast  their  eyes 
towards  the  reviewing  officer.  The  colonel,  when  he  has 
saluted  at  the  head  of  the  battalion,  will  place  himself 
near  the  reviewing  officer,  and  will  remain  there  until 
the  rear  has  passed,  when  he  will  rejoin  the  battalion. 
The  colors  will  salute  the  reviewing  officer,  if  entitled  to 
it,  when  within  six  paces  of  him,  and  be  raised  when 
they  have  passed  by  him  an  equal  distance.  The  color- 
bearer  will  remain  in  ranks  while  passing  and  saluting. 

The  reviewing  officer  or  personage  will  acknowledge 
the  salute  by  raising  or  taking  oflf  his  cap,  or  hat,  when 
the  commander  of  the  troops  salutes  him ;  and  also 
when  the  colors  pass.  The  rest  of  the  time,  occupied 
by  the  passage  of  the  troops,  he  will  be  covered. 

When  the  column  has  passed  the  reviewing  officer, 
the  colonel  will  direct  it  to  the  ground  it  marched  from, 
and  command  Guide  left,  in  time  for  the  guides  to  cover. 
The  column  having  arrived  on  its  ground,  the  colonel 
will  command :  1.  Column.  2.  Halt  ;  form  it  in  order 
of  battle,  and  cause  the  ranks  to  be  opened  as  above 
directed.  The  review  will  terminate  by  the  whole 
saluting  as  at  the  beginning,  f 


*  That  is,  unless  the  battalion  is  to  pass  in  quick  time 
also,  in  which  case  it  will  keep  its  position. 

t  If,  however,  instructions  have  been  given  to  march 
the  troops  past  in  quick  time  also,  the  Colonel  will,  in- 
stead of  changing  the  guides,  halting  the  column,  and 
wheeling  it  into  line,  as  above  directed,  give  the  com- 
mand :  1.  Quick  time.  2.  March.  In  passing  the  re- 
viewing officer  again,  no  salute  will  be  offered  by  either 
officers  or  men.  As  the  column  approaches,  the  music, 
having  commenced  playing  at  the  command  march,  will 


100  REVIEW. 

The  Colone]  will  afterward  cause  the  troops  to  per- 
form such  exercises  and  manoeuvres  as  the  reviewing 
officer  may  direct. 

A  number  of  companies  less  than  a  battalion  will  be 
reviewed  as  a  battalion,  and  a  single  company  as  if  it 
were  with  the  battalion.  In  the  latter  case,  the  com- 
pany may  pass  in  column  of  platoons. 

place  itself  in  front  of  and  march  off  with  the  column, 
and  continue  to  play  until  the  battalion  is  halted  on  its 
original  ground.  The  review  will  terminate  in  the 
same  manner  as  above  directed. 


GUARD-MOUNTING.  101 


III.  GUARD-MOUNTING. 

At  the  first  call  for  guard-mounting,  tlie  men  warned 
for  duty  turn  out  on  their  company  parades  for  inspec- 
tion by  the  first  sergeants.  Each  detachment,  as  it 
arrives,  will,  under  the  direction  of  the  adjutant,  take 
post  on  the  left  of  the  one  that  preceded  it,  in  open 
order,  arms  shouldered,  and  bayonets  fixed;  the  super- 
numeraries five  paces  in  the  rear  of  the  men  of  their 
respective  companies  ;  the  first  sergeants  in  rear  of 
them.  The  sergeant-major  will  dress  the  ranks,  count 
the  files,  verify  the  details,  and  when  the  guard  is 
formed  report  to  the  adjutant,  and  take  post  two  paces 
on  the  left  of  the  front  rank. 

The  adjutant  then  commands  :  Front,  when  the  officer 
of  the  guard  takes  post  twelve  paces  in  front  of  the 
centre,  the  sergeants  in  one  rank,  four  paces  in  rear  of 
the  officers  ;  and  the  corporals  in  one  rank,  four  paces 
in  rear  of  the  sergeants — all  facing  to  the  front.  The 
adjutant  then  assigns  their  places  in  the  guard. 

The  adjutant  will  then  command: 

1.  Oflacer  and  non-commissioned  oflacers.  2. 
ABOUT-FACE.  3.  Inspect  your  guards- 
MARCH. 

The  non-commissioned  officers  then  take  their  posts. 
The  commander  of  the  guards  then  commands  : 

1.  Order-ARMS.    2.  Inspection-ARMS, 

and  inspects  his  guard.  "When  there  is  no  commissioned 
officer  on  the  guard,  the  adjutant  will  inspect  it.  During 
inspection  the  band  will  play. 

The  inspection  ended,  the  officer  of  the  guard  takes 
post  as  though  the  guard  were  a  company  of  a  battalion 


102  gi:ard-mounting. 

in  open  order,  under  review  ;  at  the  same  time  also, 
the  officers  of  the  day  will  take  post  in  front  of  the 
centre  of  guard;  the  old  officer  of  the  day  three  paces 
on  the  right  of  the  new  officer  of  the  day,  one  pace 
retired.     The  adjutant  will  then  command  : 

1.  Parade-REST.     2.  Troop-BEAT  OFF. 

When  the  music,  beginning  on  the  right,  will  beat 
down  the  line  in  front  of  the  officer  of  the  guard  to  the 
left,  and  back  to  its  place  on  the  right,  when  it  will 
cease  to  play. 

The  Adjutant  will  then  command  : 
1.  Attention.    2.  Shoulder-ARMS.    3.  Close 
order-MARCH. 

At  the  word  "close  order,"  the  officer  will  face  about; 
at  "march,"  resume  his  post  in  line.  The  adjutant 
then  commands  :  Present-An^s  ;  at  which  he  will  face  to 
the  new  officer  of  the  day,  salute  and  report,  "  Sir,  the 
guard  is  formed.''^  The  new  officer  of  the  day,  after  ac- 
knowledging the  salute,  will  direct  the  adjutant  to  march 
the  guard  in  review,  or  by  flank  to  its  post.  But  if  the 
adjutant  be  senior  to  the  officer  of  the  day,  he  will  re- 
port without  saluting  with  the  sword  then,  or  when 
marching  in  review. 

In  review,  the  guard  march  past  the  officer  of  the 
day,  according  to  the  order  of  review,  conducted  by  the 
adjutant,  marching  on  the  left  of  the  first  division  ;  the 
sergeant-major  on  the  left  of  the  last  division.  When 
the  column  has  passed  the  officer  of  the  day,  the 
officer  of  the  guard  marches  it  to  its  post,  the  adjutant 
and  sergeant-major  retiring.  The  music,  which  has 
wheeled  out  of  the  column  and  taken  post  opposite 
the  officer  of  the  day,  will  cease,  and  the  old  officer  of 
the  day  salute,  and  give  the  old  or  standing  orders  to 
the  new  officer  of  the  day.     The  supernumeraries,  at 


GUARD-MOUNTING.  103 

the  same  time,  will  be  marched  to  their  respective  com- 
pany parades  and  dismissed. 

On  the  approach  of  the  new  guard,  the  officer  of  the 
old  guard,  having  his  guard  paraded,  will  command : 
Frese7it-Amis.  The  new  guard  will  march,  in  quick 
time,  past  the  old  guard,  at  shoulder  arms,  officers  salut- 
ing, and  take  post  four  paces  on  its  right,  when,  being 
aligned  with  it,  its  commander  will  order:  Present- 
Akms.  The  two  officers  vvrill  then  approach  each  other 
and  salute.  They -will  then  return  to  their  respective 
guards,  and  command;  1.  Shoulder-ARUS.  2.  Order- 
Arms. 

The  officer  of  the  new  guard  will  now  direct  the  detail 
for  the  advanced  guard  to  be  formed  and  marched  to  its 
post,  the  list  of  the  guard  made  and  divided  into  three 
reliefs,  and  perform  all  the  other  duties  incident  to  his 
post  and  necessary  at  this  time  to  be  done. 

The  first  relief  having  been  designated  and  ordered 
two  paces  to  the  front,  the  corporal  of  the  new  guard 
will  take  charge  of  it,  and  go  to  relieve  the  sentinels, 
accompanied  by  the  corporal  of  the  old  guard,  who  will 
take  command  of  the  old  sentinels,  when  the  whole  are 
relieved.  The  relief,  with  arms  at  a  support,  in  two 
ranks,  will  march  by  a  flank,  conducted  by  the  corporal 
on  the  side  of  the  leading  front  rank  man ;  and  the  men 
will  be  numbered  alternately  in  the  front  and  rear  rank, 
the  man  on  the  right  of  the  front  rank  being  No.  1. 
Should  an  officer  approach,  the  corporal  will  command  : 
Carry  arms,  and  resume  the  support  arms  when  the 
officer  is  passed. 

When  the  sentinel  sees  the  relief  approaching,  he  will 
halt  and  face  to  it,  with  his  arms  at  a  shoulder.  At  six 
paces  the  corporal  will  command  :  1.  Relief.  2.  Halt  ; 
when  the  relief  will  halt  and  carry  arms.  The  cor- 
poral will  then  add,  "No.  1,"  or  "No.  2,"  or  "No.  3," 


104  GUAKD-MOUXTING. 

according  to  the  number  of  the  post,  Arms-'PoTxT.  The 
two  sentinels  will,  with  arms  at  port  then  approach  each 
other,  when  the  old  sentinel,  under  the  correction 
of  the  corporal,  will  whisper  the  instructions  to  the 
new  sentinel.  This  done,  the  two  sentinels  will  shoul- 
der arms,  and  the  old  sentinel  will  pass  in  quick  time, 
to  his  place  in  rear  of  the  relief.  The  corporal  will 
then  command :  1.  Support- Arms,.  2.  Forward.  3.  March. 
And  the  relief  proceeds  in  the  same  manner  until  the 
whole  are  relieved. 

The  detachments  and  sentinels  from  the  old  guard 
having  come  in,  it  will  he  marched,  at  shoulder  arms, 
along  the  front  of  the  new  guard,  in  quick  time,  the 
new  guard  standing  at  presented  arms;  officers  saluting, 
and  the  music  of  both  guards  beating,  except  at  the 
outposts.  On  arriving  at  the  regimental  or  garrison 
parade,  the  commander  of  tlie  old  guard  will  send  the 
detachments  composing  it  to  their  respective  regiments 
or  companies. 

When  the  old  guard  has  marched  off  fifty  paces,  the 
officer  of  the  new  guard  will  order  his  men  to  stack 
their  arms,  or  place  them  in  the  arm-racks. 


GUARDS   AND  SENTINELS.  105 


GUARDS    AND    SENTINELS. 

Camp  and  garrison  guards  will  be  relieved  every 
twentj-four  hours.  Sentinels  will  be  relieved  every 
two  hours.  The  officers  are  to  remain  constantly 
at  their  guards,  except  while  visiting  the  sentinels 
or  necessarily  engaged  elsewhere  on  their  proper 
duty.  Neither  officers  nor  soldiers  are  to  take  off  their 
clothing  or  accoutrements  while  they  are  on  guard. 
When  a  fire  breaks  out,  or  any  alarm  is  raised  in  a 
garrison,  all  guards  are  to  be  immediately  under  arms. 
Sentinels  will  not  take  orders  or  allow  themselves  to 
be  relieved,  except  by  an  officer  or  non-commissioned 
officer  of  their  guard  or  party,  the  officer  of  the  day,  or 
the  commanding  officer.  Sentinels  will  report  every 
breach  of  orders  or  regulations  they  are  entrusted  to 
enforce.  They  must  keep  themselves  on  the  alert, 
observing  everything  that  takes  place  within  sight  and 
hearing  of  their  post.  They  will  carry  their  arms 
habitually  at  support  or  on  either  shoulder,  but  will 
never  quit  them.  In  wet  weather  they  will  secure  arms. 
No  sentinel  will  quit  his  post  or  hold  conversation  not 
necessary  to  the  proper  discharge  of  his  duty. 

Sentinels  will  be  respected  by  all  persons  of  whatever 
rank.  They  will  present  arms  to  general  and  field 
officers,  to  the  officer  of  the  day,  and  to  the  commanding 
officer  of  the  post.  To  all  other  officers  they  will  carry 
arms.  The  sentinel  at  any  post  of  the  guard,  when  he 
sees  any  body  of  troops,  or  an  officer  entitled  to  compli- 
ment, ai)proach,  must  call  *'  Turn  out  the  guard ;^^  and 
announce  who  approaches.  Guards  do  not  turn  out  as 
a  matter  of  compliment  after  sunset ;  but  sentinels  will, 


106  GUAKDS    AND   SENTINELS. 

when  officers  in  uniform  approach,  pay  them  proper 
attention,  by  facing  to  the  proper  front  and  standing 
steady  at  sMuWer  arms.  This  will  be  observed  until  the 
evening  is  so  far  advanced  that  the  sentinels  begin 
challenging. 

Challenging. 

After  retreat  (or  the  hour  appointed  by  the  command- 
ing officer)  until  broad  daylight,  a  sentinel  challenges 
every  person  who  approaches  him,  taking  at  the  same 
time  the  position  of  arms  port.  He  will  suifer  no  person 
to  come  nearer  than  within  the  reach  of  his  bayonet, 
until  the  person  has  given  the  countersign.  A  sentinel 
in  challenging  will  call  out:  *'  Who  comes  there?''  If 
answered — ^^ Friend ^  with  the  countersign,' '  and  he  be 
instructed  to  pass  persons  with  the  countersign,  he 
will  reply — ^^  Advance,  friend,  with  the  countersign.''  If 
answered — '■'Friends,"  he  will  reply — '^  Halt,  friends. 
Advance  one  with  the  countersign."  If  answered — '■'Re- 
lief," "  Patrol,"  or  *'  Grand  rounds,"  he  will  reply — 
''Halt;  advance  sergeant  (or  corporal)  with  the  counter- 
sign;" and  satisfy  himself  that  the  party  is  what  it 
represents  itself  to  be.  If  he  have  no  authority  to  pass 
persons  with  the  countersign,  if  the  wrong  countersign 
be  given,  or  if  the  persons  have  not  the  countersign, 
he  will  cause  them  to  stand,  and  call — "  Corporal  of  the 
guard. ' ' 

Grand  rounds. 

The  officer  wishing  to  make  the  rounds,  will  take  an 
escort  of  a  non-commissioned  officer  and  two  men. 
When  the  rounds  are  challenged  by  a  sentinel,  the  ser 
geant  will  answer — "Grand  rounds;"  and  the  sentinel 
will  reply — "Halt,  grand  rounds.  Advance,  sergeant  with 
the  countersign."  Upon  which  the  sergeant  advances 
and  gives  the  countersign.  The  sentinel  will  then  cry 
— "  Advance  rounds ;"  an(/  stand  at  a  shoulder  till  th«< 
have  passed. 


GUARDS   AND  SENTINELS.  107 

When  the  sentinel  before  the  guard  challenges,  and 
is  answered — "Grand  rounds,"  he  will  reply — ^^  Halt, 
grand  rounds,  Turn  out  the  guard;  grand  rounds/^  Upon 
which  the  guard  will  be  drawn  up  at  shouldered  arms. 
The  officer  commanding  the  guard  will  then  order 
a  sergeant  and  two  men  to  advance  ;  when  within  ten 
paces,  the  sergeant  challenges.  The  sergeant  of  the 
grand  rounds  answers—"  Grand  rounds.^ ^  The  sergeant 
of  the  guard  replies  — "  J[c?yance,  sergeant,  with  the  coun- 
tersign.''^ The  sergeant  of  the  rounds  advances  alone, 
gives  the  countersign,  and  returns  to  his  round.  The 
sergeant  of  the  guard  calls  to  his  officer — "  The  counter- 
sign is  right  ;^'  on  which  the  officer  of  the  guard  calls — 
"  Advance,  rounds."  The  officer  of  the  rounds  then 
advances  alone,  the  guard  standing  at  shouldered  arms. 
The  officer  of  the  rounds  passes  along  the  front  of  the 
guard  to  the  officer,  who  keeps  his  post  on  the  right, 
and  gives  him  the  parole.  He  then  examines  the  guard, 
orders  back  his  escort,  and  taking  a  new  one,  proceeds 
in  thfik  «ame  manner  to  other  guards. 


108  ESCORTS. 


ESCORTS   OF   HONOR. 

The  escort  will  be  drawn  up  in  line,  the  centre  oppo- 
site to  the  place  where  the  person  to  be  escorted  pre- 
sents himself,  with  an  iiiterval  between  the  wings  to 
receive  him  and  his  retinue.  On  his  appearance  he  will 
be  received  with  the  honors  due  to  his  rank.  When  he 
has  taken  his  place  in  the  line,  the  whole  will  be  wheeled 
into  platoons  or  companies,  as  the  case  may  be,  and 
take  up  the  march.  The  same  ceremony  will  be  ob- 
served, and  the  same  honors  paid,  on  his  leaving  the 
escort. 

When  the  position  of  the  escort  is  at  a  considerable 
distance  from  the  point  where  he  is  expected  to  be  re- 
ceived, a  double  line  of  sentinels  will  be  posted  from 
that  point  to  the  escort,  facing  inward,  and  the  sentinels 
will  successively  salute  as  he  passes.  An  officer  will  be 
appointed  to  attend  him,  to  bear  such  communications 
as  he  may  have  to  make  to  the  commander  of  the 
escort. 

COLOR  ESCORT. 

When  a  battalion  turns  out  under  arms,  and  the  color 
is  wanted,  a  company,  other  than  that  of  the  color,  will 
be  put  in  march  to  receive  and  escort  the  color,  in  the 
following  order,  in  quick  time  and  without  music  : — the 
drum-major  and  field  music  followed  by  the  band  ;  the 
escort  in  column  by  platoon,  right  in  front,  with  arms 
shifted  to  the  right  shoulder,  and  the  color-bearer  be- 
tween the  platoons. 

Arrived  in  front  of  the  tent  or  quarters  of  the  colonel, 
the  escort  will  form  into  line,  the  lield  music  and  band 
on  the  right,  and  arms  will  be  carried.  The  color-bearer, 


COLOR    ESCORT.  109 

preceded  by  the  first  lieutenant,  and  followed  by  a  ser- 
geant of  the  escort,  will  then  go  to  receive  the  color. 

When  the  color-bearer  shall  come  out,  followed  by 
the  lieutenant  and  sergeant,  he  will  halt  before  the  en- 
trance ;  the  captain  will  cause  the  escort  to  present  arms, 
and  the  drums  will  beat  to  the  color  for  half  a  minute, 
when  arms  will  be  shouldered,  and  the  escort  will  be 
broken  into  column  by  platoon.  The  color-bearer  will 
place  himself  between  the  platoons.  The  lieutenant 
and  sergeant  will  resume  their  posts,  and  the  escort 
will  march  back  to  the  battalion  to  the  sound  of  music, 
in  quick  time  and  in  the  same  order  as  above. 

Arrived  at  the  distance  of  twenty  paces  from  the  bat- 
talion the  escort  will  be  halted,  and  the  music  will 
cease ;  the  colonel  will  place  himself  six  paces  before 
the  centre  of  the  battalion,  the  color-bearer  will  ap- 
proach the  colonel,  by  the  front,  in  quick  time  ;  when 
at  the  distance  of  ten  paces,  he  will  halt  ;  the  colonel 
will  cause  arms  to  be  presented,  and  to  the  color  to  be 
played,  which  being  executed,  the  color-bearer  will  take 
his  place  in  the  front  rank  of  the  color-guard,  and  the 
battalion,  by  command,  will  shoulder  arms.  The  escort, 
field  music  and  band  will  return  in  quick  time  to  their 
several  places  in  the  line  of  battle,  marching  by  the 
rear  of  the  battalion. 

The  color  will  be  escorted  back  to  the  colonel's  tent 
or  quarters  with  like  ceremony  and  in  the  same  order. 


110  FUNERAL   HONORS. 


FUNERAL  HONORS. 

The  funeral  escort  will  be  formed  in  two  ranks,  oppo- 
site to  the  quarters  or  tent  of  the  deceased,  with  shoul- 
dered arms  and  bayonets  unfixed ;  the  artillery  and 
cavalry  on  the  right  of  the  infantry.*  On  the  appear- 
atice  of  the  corpse,  the  officer  commanding  the  escort 
will  command 

Present- ARMS. 

When  the  honors  due  to  the  decease  will  be  paid  by 
the  drums  and  trumpets.  The  music  will  then  play  an 
appropriate  air,  and  the  coffin  will  be  taken  to  the  right, 
when  it  will  be  halted.    The  commander  will  then  order : 

1.  Shoulder- ARMS.  2.  By  company  (or  platoon) 
left,  wheel.  3.  MARCH.  4.  Reverse-ARMS. 
5.  Column,  forward,  6.  Guide  right.  7.  MARCH. 

The  column  will  be  marched  in  slow  time  to  solemn 
music,  and  on  reaching  the  grave,  will  take  a  direction 
so  as  that  the  guides  shall  be  next  to  the  grave.  When 
the  centre  of  the  column  is  opposite  the  grave,  the 
commander  will  order : 

1.  Column.    2.  HALT.   3.  Right,  into  line  wheel. 
4.  MARCH. 


*  The  usual  badge  of  military  mourning  is  a  piece  of 
black  crape  around  the  left  arm,  above  the  elbow,  and 
also  upon  the  sword  hilt,  and  will  be  worn  when  in  full 
or  undress.  The  drums  of  a  funeral  escort  will  be 
covered  with  black  crape,  or  thin  black  serge. 


FUNERAL    HONORS.  HI 

The  coffin  is  then  brought  along  the  front,  to  the  op- 
posite side  of  the  grave,  and  the  commander  then  orders  : 

1.  Shoulder-ABMS.    2.  Present-ARMS. 

And  when  the  coffin  reaches  the  grave,  he  adds  : 

3.  Shoulder- ARMS.    4.  Rest  on- ARMS. 

After  the  funeral  service  is  performed,  and  the  coffin 
is  lowered  into  the  grave,  the  commander  will  order : 

1.  Attention.     2.  Shoulder-ARMS.    3.  Load  at 
will.    4.  LOAD. 

And  cause  three  rounds  of  small  arms  to  be  fired  by 
the  escort.     He  will  then  command  : 
1.  By  company  (or  platoon,)  right-wheel.     2. 

MARCH.  3.  Column  forward.  4.  Guide-left.  5. 

Quick-MARCH. 

The  music  will  not  begin  to  play  until  the  escort  is 
clear  of  the  enclosure. 


.■-/-?(;"' 


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